Indications for cystoscopy
- gross hematuria with no signs of infection/glomerular disease
- recurrent UTI
- obstructive sx w/ suspiscion for stones, stricture
- irritative sx w/o UTI
- abnormal bladder imaging or urine cytology
Prognosis of childhood absence seizures
good, usually disappears by teenage years if not related with generalized tonic clonic sezures
Diagnostic test and treatment of intussusception (currant jelly stool, episodic crampy abdominal pain, “sausage shaped” abdominal mass). Common risk during tx?
- “target” lesion on ultrasound
- treatment: enema (air or water soluble contrast), surgical removal of lead point
- common risk: perforation
Positive pregnancy test, abdominal tenderness and guarding, no intrauterine pregnancy. Diagnosis and management?
- ruptured ectopic pregnancy
- surgical evaluation
Most common short term complication with LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure)
bleeding
Most useful strategy to decrease mortality in ARDS patients
- low tidal volume mechanical ventilation
Clinical features of epididymitis
- mild to moderate scrotal pain with swelling and tenderness
- normal UA
- decrease in pain on testicular elevation
- cremasteric reflex intact
Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease diagnostic criteria and treatment
- new chest x-ray finding PLUS 1 or more of the following:
- ——fever, hypoxemia, chest pain, increased work of breathing, coughs, tachypnea, wheezing
- tx: ceftriaxone and azithromycin, IV fluids, pain control
TCA overdose (mental status changes, seizures, arrhythmias, prolonged intervals, anticholinergic effects) treatment?
sodium bicarb for arrhythmias
IV fluids
activated charcoal w/i 2 hours of ingestion
oxygen, intubation
Prognosis and TX of sleep terror and sleep walking
Self limiting
Low dose benzo if episodes are recurrent and distressing
Asthma most commonly caused by?
House dust mites
Diagnosing criteria for Tourette’s syndrome, and treatment
- both motor AND vocal tic >1 year *yelling obscenities is in minority of pts
- tx: antipsychotics, behavioral therapy, alpha adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine)
organophosphate toxicity (cholinergic toxicity— excessive salivating, drooling) treatment
atropine and pralidoxime
Giardia treatment? traveler’s diarrhea tx?
giardia: metronidazole
traveler’s: cipro. TMP-SMX
Diagnosis of malaria (fever, headaches, thrombocytopenia, subsaharan africa)
peripheral blood smear
* no vaccines, just antimalarial ppx
Classic features of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
- hx of asthma/CF
- x-ray- fleeting infiltrates, CT- central bronchiectasis
- Diagnostic testing: increased IgE and IgG, eosinophilia, skin test for aspergillus fumigatus
Tight blood glucose control in patients with diabetes will decrease risk in what kind of complications?
microvascular– nephropathy, retinopathy
** macrovascular not yet established (MI, stroke, PVD)
How do you treat acute hemolytic reactions after blood transfusion? (w/i one hour of transfusion, b/l flank pain, renal failure, DIC, fever– caused by ABO incompatibility, positive coombs test)
- stop transfusion and give IV fluids
*** IV steroids are only given for IgA rx which occurs immediately
Which lab levels are needed to monitor disease activity in SLE?
anti dsDNA and serum complements, NOT anti smith or ANA
Treatment of Alzheimers
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Which lab levels are needed to monitor disease activity in SLE?
anti dsDNA and serum complements, NOT anti smith or ANA
Treatment of Alzheimers
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine (cholinesterase inhibitors)
acute stress disorder timing, PTSD timing
3 days to one month
PTSD: 1 month or more
Multiple demyelinating nonenhancing region with no mass effect in AIDS patient
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
