best initial test for hemoptysis
chest x-ray
chronic myeloid leukemia ddx test and tx
- BCR-ABL test– philadelphia chromosome
- tx: tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Diagnosic test for infectious mononucleosis
- monospot test for EBV IM
Treatment difference between preseptal cellulitis (chemosis, eyelid swelling, erythema, fever, leukocytosis) vs postseptal cellulitis (sx of pre plus ophthalmoplegia, visual acuity changes, proptosis, diplopia)
- preseptal: oral abx
- post septal: IV abx (vac plus ampicillin-sulbactam)
Management of diabetic ketoacidosis
- IV insulin, aggressive fluid support, potassium supplementation
- if anion gap is still there and blood glucose <200, half insulin and add dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia
What should you watch out for in B 12 supplementation in megaloblastic anemia?
Hypokalemia, as you use potassium when making RBCs
Anterior uveitis (iritis) clinical features and diagnostic test
- pain, redness, variable visual loss, constricted and irregular pupil
- leukocytes in anterior segment
Management of HSV in pregnant pts, history vs no history of hsv
- if infected before, then needs antiviral therapy at 36 weeks, and needs c-section when delivering if infection is active
- if never exposed, no further testing needed
- if exposed to HSV infected partner, then needs HSV serology testing.
Which ratio measures association between studies?
Odds ratio–> odds of 1 event/odds of 2nd event
odds: probabilty of an event/1- prob of event
Clinical features of patellar tendon rupture
excruciating pain, swelling of the anterior part of the knee, inability to maintain passive extension of the knee against gravity
enuresis (bedwetting) at age 5 and above management and treatment
- need UA
- urologic imaging if significant daytime sx and history of recurrent UTI
- Tx: behavior modification, then enuresis alarms, then meds (desmopressin)
scaphoid fx diagnostic test and complication
- X-ray (can take upto two weeks for imaging to be positive), and if negative, MRI/CT, repeat x-ray, or bone scan
- nonunion and avascular necrosis
which herbal supplement can cause hypertension?
licorice
what side effect does ginko (dementia, neurological issue) have?
bleeding due to interaction with warfarin/aspirin
Actinic keratosis (skin disease from increased sun exposure) has increased risk of which cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
Disease related to meconium ileus in peds
CF
low pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur best heard in apex in left lateral decubitus position
mitral stenosis
systolic crescendo decrescendo ejection murmur in left sternal border
pulmonary stenosis
apical holosystolic murmur
mitral regurgitation
mid-to-late systolic click followed by late systolic murmur
mitral valve prolapse
Bacterial conjunctivitis (redness, purulent drainage) complication? treatment for uncomplicated bacterial conjunctivitis? for contact wearers?
- keratitis
- erythromycin ointment, sulfa drops
- fluoroquinolone (cipro, ofloxacin)
proximal muscle weakness with increased CPK levels indicate primary muscle weakness. What other lab findings are present? Treatment for inflammatory myositis?
elevated ferritin levels in inflammatory myositis
tx: steroids
treatment of choice in mammalian bites
amoxicillin/clavulanate as it provides coverage for both aerobic and anaerobic flora
Initial test of choice to confirm pneumothorax
upright chest x-ray (PA view)
