1.2 - Cold Containment

Question 1

What was Containment?

Answer 1

• Geopolitical strategy aimed at curbing and contains the spread of communism

Question 2

What strategies formed Containment?

Answer 2

• Military intervention in civil wars with communist aligned forces
• Rebuilding Europe with Marshall plan
• Funding capitalist regimes
  
  • even those violating human rights
• Helping countries modernise their economies so that they reject communism

Question 3

What countries demonstrate the success of containment?

Answer 3

• Japan + Philippines

Question 4

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 4

• Plan to fund the rebuilding of European countries, especially those close to USSR
• $13bn spent in total

Question 5

How did the US exploit modernisation during containment?

Answer 5

• By investing in developing and periphery countries to help drive industry change
• leading to repayment of loans monetarily and by allying with US

Question 6

When was South Korea declared a democracy?

Answer 6

• 1988
• prior to this, was controlled by a series of military and authoritarian governments after Korean War

Question 7

Who ruled South Korea after WWII?

Answer 7

• Syngman Rhee as part of First Republic of Korea
• Pro US
• Extremely anti-communist
  
  • Violently clamped down on protestors during Jeju Island uprising and Bodo League massacre
  • 100,000 dead

Question 8

How many US troops are based along DMZ?

Answer 8

• 28,500

Question 9

When did South Korea join the OECD?

Answer 9

• 1996
• Made South Korea a developed country officially

Question 10

What happened during the Korean War?

Answer 10

• North Korea invaded South Korea
• North Korea was backed by China and USSR
• 16 countries under UN intervened and pushed back N Korea
• Resulted in stalemate along DMZ

Question 11

What was the 5 year economic plans?

Answer 11

• Series of plans lasting 5 year periods each
• aimed at developing South Korea’s economy

Question 12

What were the aims of each 5 year economic plan?

Answer 12

• 1962 - 66: focus on building infrastructure to ensure economy had a solid foundation
• 1967 - 71: shift economy to heavy industry and become more competitive on world market
• 1972 - 76: expand into chemical, electronics and shipbuilding to reduce dependence on other nations and build up military
• 1977 - 81: increase GNP per capita by ensuring previous plan continued
• 1982 - 86: shifting emphasis from heavy industries to technological intensive industries
• 1987 - 91: accelerate import liberalisation, remove restrictions such as tarrifs on imports, increase investment in research and development
• 1992 - 96: develop high tech fields such as bioengineering, optics, aerospace, balance concentration of industry across Korea by investing across nation

Question 13

Why are Chaebols a problem?

Answer 13

• have monopolies on market
• if mismanaged, collapse can have massive impact both economically and socially (unemployment)
• had to be bailed out by government who had to borrow from IMF
  
  • subjecting country to SAPs which could be detrimental