1.3 updated

Question 1

But de la mitose

Answer 1

creer 2 cellules filles identiques pour remplacer les endommagees

Question 2

4 etapes de mitose?

Answer 2

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 3

2 autres etapes du cycle cellulaire qui sont pas dans la mitose?

Answer 3

interphase, cytokineses

Question 4

pendant _____ la cellule grandit pour preparer pour la mitose

Answer 4

interphase

Question 5

quels sont les 3 parties d’interphase?

Answer 5

G1 (gap 1), S (synthese), G2 (gap2)

Question 6

que se passe dans le G1 de l’interphase?

Answer 6

les organelles de la cellule se repliquent

Question 7

que se passe dans le “S” de l’interphase?

Answer 7

l’adn se replique

Question 8

que se passe dans le G2 de l’interphase?

Answer 8

enzymes utilise pour division cellulaire sont produits

Question 9

What happens in the prophase

Answer 9

Les centrioles vont aux cote oppose du cellule et ramenent les fibres fusoriales aux chromosomes

also the membrane nucleiqiue dissapears and chromosomes are formed

Question 10

What happens in the metaphase

Answer 10

les centrioles alignent les chromosomes au centre en touchant leur centromere

Question 11

What happens in the anaphase

Answer 11

les chromosomes sont separes on chromatide soeurs

Question 12

What happens in the telophase

Answer 12

les cellules commecent a separer avec un cleavage furrow et les noyaux commencent a former

Question 13

what happens in the cytokinese for animal cells

Answer 13

the cells separate by closing the membrane cellulaire

Question 14

what happens in the cytokinese for plant cells

Answer 14

the cells separate by vesicles forming un barriere dans la cellule and then they separate after the vesticle barrier touches with the paroi and combines

Question 15

quel partie du cycle cellulaire prend plus du temps?

Answer 15

interphase

Question 16

un humain a ____ chromosomes

Answer 16

46

Question 17

les _____ sont des structures de proteins qui touchent avec les fibres fusoriales en mitose

Answer 17

kinetochores

Question 18

quel est l’organite utilise pendant mitose qui dirige le mouvement des fibres fusoriales?

Answer 18

centriole

Question 19

what is the G1/s checkpoint

Answer 19

between stage G1 and S of interphase, la cellule voit des facteurs comme la grandissement du cellule, des reserves d’energie, etat du adn pour pas commencer le processus avec adn endommage

Question 20

what is the G2/M checkpoint

Answer 20

between stage G2 and mitosis, the cell checks the status of ADN to prevent damaged adn from entering mitose

Question 21

meta / anaphase checkpoint

Answer 21

during metaphase, it checks if all the chromosomes are properly attached on the fibres fusoriales (spindle) before anaphase

Question 22

le ADN sous forme de ____ se condence sur les histones pour former chromosomes

Answer 22

chromatine

Question 23

quel est le but de meiose

Answer 23

Produire des gamètes haploïdes pour la reproduction sexuelle

Question 24

comment est ce que la meiose produit les cellules non-identiques

Answer 24

Grâce à l’entrecroisement (crossing-over) et à l’assortiment indépendant des chromosomes.

Question 25

c'est quoi haploide

Answer 25

moite des chromosomes (N)

Question 26

c'est quoi diploide

Answer 26

nombre completes des chromosomes (2N)

Question 27

cest quoi l'enjambement

Answer 27

L’échange de segments entre chromatides non-sœurs de chromosomes homologues pendant la prophase I.

Question 28

comment est ce la prophase 1 est different du prophase 2

Answer 28

En prophase I, il y a la "pairing" des homologues et entrecroisement; en prophase II, non.

Question 29

cest quoi un chromisome homologue

Answer 29

Une paire de chromosomes de même taille et gènes correspondants

Question 30

quel est la processus dans le quel les cromosomes homologues s'alignent

Answer 30

synapsis

Question 31

where does meiosis happen

Answer 31

reproductive organs (hitlers right testicle)

Question 32

how many chromosomes in haploid cells

Answer 32

Half the number of the diploid cell

Question 33

how many daughter cells are porduced

Answer 33

:Four haploid cells.

Question 34

does interphase happen between meosis 1 and 2

Answer 34

NO HOW COULD YOU THINK THAT U ACTUAL BLACK ONE

Question 35

what ism prometaphase 1

Answer 35

En prométaphase I, l’enveloppe nucléaire disparaît et les chromosomes homologues s’attachent aux fibres du fuseau.

Question 36

what happens in metapahse 1

Answer 36

Homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads) align at the metaphase plate; spindle fibers attach to each homolog from opposite poles.

Question 37

what happens in metaphase 2

Answer 37

Individual chromosomes (with sister chromatids) align at the metaphase plate, similar to mitosis.

Question 38

what happens in prophase 1

Answer 38

Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair (synapsis), crossing-over (entrecroisement) occurs, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle forms.

Question 39

what happens in prophase 2

Answer 39

Chromosomes condense again, centriole duplicates and spindle apparatus start to form, nuclear envelope breaks down (if it re-formed after telophase I). No crossing-over occurs.

Question 40

what happens in anaphase 1

Answer 40

Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles (sister chromatids stay together).

Question 41

what happens in anaphase 2

Answer 41

Sister chromatids finally separate and move to opposite poles.

Question 42

what happens in telopphase 1

Answer 42

Chromosomes reach poles; nuclear envelopes may form; cytokinesis produces two haploid cells.

Question 43

what happenes in telophase 2

Answer 43

Chromatids reach poles; nuclear envelopes reform; cytokinesis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 44

does cytokenisis happen twice in meosis

Answer 44

yup

Question 45

what is a kinetochore

Answer 45

A protein structure on the centromere of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Question 46

what is Independent assortment

Answer 46

The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I, which creates genetic variation in gametes.

Question 47

what is a tetrad

Answer 47

A pair of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) that are aligned together during prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 48

how much genetic info is in a gamete

Answer 48

n

Question 49

What is the final product of meoisis 1

Answer 49

2 haploide cells

Question 50

what is a point mutation

Answer 50

dna mutation at a specific site on a gene

Question 51

mutation spontane

Answer 51

when quelque chose in the processus of replicating DNA goes wrong.

Question 52

what is strand slippage

Answer 52

when dna polymerase accidentally disconnects and doesnt uild the dna right

Question 53

induced mutation?

Answer 53

when something exterior causes mutation (mutagens) like cigarettses and alcohol

Question 54

what does radiaton do to dna

Answer 54

radiation can cause genes to break apart

Question 55

what is deletion in mutatuions

Answer 55

when a part of DNA gets deleted

Question 56

what is duplication in mutations

Answer 56

when a part of DNA gets accidentally duplicated

Question 57

inversion in mutations:

Answer 57

when the dna strand gets inverted

Question 58

what is insertion in mutations:

Answer 58

whem a chromosome inserts itself finto another chromosome

Question 59

how many types of mutations are there (and what are they)

Answer 59

3, positive negative and neutral

Question 60

example of posiitve mutation:

Answer 60

disease resistance, lactose tolerance

Question 61

example of neutral mutation:

Answer 61

hair color

Question 62

example of negative mutaiton:

Answer 62

cancer, down syndrome

Question 63

when a negative mutation isnt killed by the immune system it sometimes becomes:

Answer 63

cancer

Question 64

the points on genes where mutations are very common are called

Answer 64

les points chauds

Question 65

what is mutation non-sens

Answer 65

when codons get modified into somethting that doesnt make sense or a stop codon

Question 66

what is mutation faux-sens

Answer 66

codon gets changed to something different so the acide amine is wrong

Question 67

what is mutation meme sens

Answer 67

when the codon gets changed but still codes for the same amino acid so its mostly fine