15. A Model to Guide Practice

Question 1

conceptual model

Answer 1

is the synthesis of a set of concepts and the statements that integrate those concepts into a whole

Question 2

community process model

Answer 2

can be defined as a frame of reference, a way of looking at a community, or an image of what working in and with a community encompasses

Question 3

Concepts

Answer 3

general notions or ideas and are considered the building blocks of models.

Question 4

What is the purpose of a model?

Answer 4

Provide a map for the problem-solving process
Give direction for assessment
Guide analysis
Dictate community diagnoses
Assist in planning
Facilitate evaluation
Provide a curriculum outline for education
Represent a framework for research
Provide a basis for development of theory

Question 5

Mandala of Health Model

Answer 5

• a model of the human health ecosystem
• the interaction of culture (including politics) with the natural environment (biosphere) depicted in the outer circle and represents the living planet

Con in that the mandala does not have an evaluation component

Question 6

Rural Development Institute (RDI) Model

Answer 6

• Being represents those actions that people undertake and involves their interactions with others as they form a collective unit. (interacting as a collective)
• belonging or expression by the group of a “sense of community (expressing a sense of community)
• becoming through the collective action of the community (acting as a community)

Question 7

Canadian Community-as-Partner Model (CCAP)

Answer 7

• based on a social ecologic foundation with
  community systems and related environments being central concepts
• objective is to prevent fragmentation of services
• community team’s goals are to intervene to
  (1) decrease the potential of the community system to encounter stressors,
  (2) limit the impact or effects of stressors on the community through prevention interventions
  (3) build the capacity of the community to act on its own behalf.

Question 8

resilient

Answer 8

it responds to adversity and improves its level of functioning as a result of meeting challenge

Question 9

participative

Answer 9

members identify with it, they engage in social interaction and build ties with it and with each other, and they share decision making about the communitys

Question 10

sustainability

Answer 10

maintaining the reciprocal relationship among people and the environment (social, economic, physical) over time and through inevitable change

Question 11

Community assessment wheel Name 3 of the 8 subsystems

Answer 11

Physical environment
Education
Safety and transportation
Politics and government
Health and social services
Communication
Business and economics
Recreation and leisure

Question 12

A healthy community is 3 things

Answer 12

resilient, participative, and sustainable

Question 13

Community:

Answer 13

people who have a common bond and share beliefs, values, and norms that identify members

Question 14

Pop-NLD

Answer 14

core’s normal line of defence

Question 15

Is the following statement True or False?

The subsystems of the environment in the Canadian Community-as-Partner (CCAP) model are similar to the determinants of health.

Answer 15

True

Within the Canadian community-as-partner model, the subsystems of the environment are physical environment, education, safety and transportation, politics and government, health and social services, communication, business and economics, and leisure recreation. Most of these are captured by the 12 determinants of health.

Question 16

Residents of a small town have been profoundly impacted by a wave of suicides and suicide attempts among the youth of the community. The depth of the community’s response to this crisis constitutes the:
- Stressors
- Lines of resistance
- Degree of reaction
- Normal line of defence

Answer 16

C. Degree of reaction

The degree of reaction is the amount of disruption that results from stressors impinging on the community’s lines of defence.

Question 17

Lines of resistance (LR)

Answer 17

are strengths and assets that act to defend the community core from penetration by stressors

Question 18

The flexible line of defence (FLD)

Answer 18

demonstrates community resilience. It is a buffer zone representing a dynamic level of health resulting from a temporary response to stressors

Question 19

The degree of reaction

Answer 19

is the amount of disruption that results from stressors impinging on the community’s lines of defence

Question 20

Community Assessment:

Answer 20

• The community’s core and subsystems comprise assessment parameters
  Public participation is critical
• uncover the community’s strengths, capacities, and assets (lines of resistance)
• learn about the people and how they interact with their environment and various subsystems

Question 21

Community Analysis, Diagnosis, and Planning

Answer 21

• Trends, patterns re community capacity and stressors
• Information is examined to find trends and patterns that denote community capacity and any issues the people identify as concerns or stressors
• The process of analysis must include the people
• The community health diagnosis is the result of analysis
• The planning process must take into account evidence of best practices in health promotion interventions for the particular goals, risk factors and strengths of the people and community

Question 22

Community Evaluation

Answer 22

-Feedback from the people in the community provides the basis for evaluation
- Evaluation must occur throughout the process, not reserved as a final stage
- The community health diagnosis sets the parameters for evaluation
Community feedback
Continual
Diagnosis sets parameters for evaluation

Question 23

In the CCAP model, all community interventions are considered to be ___________

Answer 23

preventive in nature

Question 24

Which of the following interventions would be considered a primary prevention measure?
- Blood glucose monitoring for persons with type 2 diabetes
- Support groups for members of the community who have cancer
- The use of antibiotics to treat an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection
- Creating policies that elementary school students get regular physical exercise as part of school curriculum

Answer 24

D. Creating policies that elementary school students get regular physical exercise as part of school curriculum

Population-based programs (e.g., for elementary school students) that foster social justice, reduce inequities, and encourage healthy lifestyles are examples of primary prevention interventions.