Who was Carolus Lineus
§ Life static
§ Classified and described
§ Hierarchical classification
§ Binomial Nomenclature - went around the world naming and classifying organisms
What were the prevailing ideas in trh late 1700s?
□ Earth is young
Species are static
What new findings were found in another subject before biology?
Geology
Gradualism
Observable processes produce small changes, accumulate over time
Examples of gradualism
erosion, deposition, and volcanism
Who is James Hutton and what did he do?
Scottish Farmer
§ Hutton was observing how much of the soil was eroded off the cliff
Theory of Uniformitarianism
refined ideas of gradudalism- processes we observe today, how they operate and rate, is representative of processes that happened throughout history
□ Geological processes uniform over time–> Earth must be old
Extremely influential to Darwin
Who was behind the theory of uniformitarianism
CHarles Lyell
What was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s 2 ideas and what did he do
first to prose a natural mechanism
1. use and disuse
2. inheritance of acquired traits
Use and disuse theory
◊ Body part used–> larger and stronger
◊ Not used –> deteriorate
example fo use and disuse theory
Giraffe stretches neck- neck gets longer over a LOT of time
What is the theory of inheritance of acquired theory
-◊ Traits acquired during lifetime passed to offspring
example fo the theory of inheritance of acquired traits
Giraffe neck stretches/ grows–> passes on longer neck
WHat did Lamarck believ which wasn’t right?
Evolution occurs at individual level
What was the significance of Lamarcks work
biological evolution is a natural process
When did Lamarck publish
□ Same year Darwin was born
□ No knowledge of genetics or Mendelian inheritance
Discredited once Mendel was rediscovere
Who is Alfred Russell Wallace
□ Naturalist, studied species in Indonesia
Reached same conclusions independently, sent Darwin manuscript in 1858
Presenting the theory
□ Jointly presented to Linnaean Society in 1858
□ Darwin finished and published work in 1859
® “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”
Credit goes to Darwin, Wallace recognized as well
What was Darwins logic behind evolution?
Proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution
List Darwin’s 4 observations
- overproduction
- unequal survival and reproduction
- heritable variation
- nonrandom survival and reproduction
Explain overproduction
More offspring born each generation than will survive and reproduce
Explain unequal survival and reproduction
I. Some survive longer and have more offspring than others
What results from overproduction and some having more offspring?
compeititon because Idea of scarcity- not enough resources for population like food, mates, etc.
Who build on competition?
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)- Clergyman and -economists
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Memory & Learning11
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Foundations of Biology20
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Biological Molecules35
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Origins of Life31
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Cell Structure25
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Membrane & Transport34
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Metabolism30
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Photosynthesis25
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Cellular Respiration21
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Cell Cycle35
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Meiosis21
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Mendelian Genetics31
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13) Chromosomes24
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14) DNA36
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15) Gene Expression30
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Gene Regulation37
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17) DNA Technology35
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18) Human Genetics41
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19) Into to Evolution45
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20) Population Genetics40
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21) Speciation48
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22) Phylogentics35
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23) Population Genetics62
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24) Community Ecology42
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25) Ecosystem Ecology39
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26) Conservation Ecology43
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Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Pathway6
