1937 Elections

Question 1

What were the benefits, seen by both sides, of contesting an election?

Answer 1

• Neither approved the Govt. of India Act
• Nehru initially wanted to boycott the elections, to make his disapproval manifest
• They saw the opportunity to convey their message, and to acquaint people with their future program.
• Similarly the Muslim League, saw it as an opportunity to get their message across.
• Jinnah was sworn in as permanent president, & they laid down their two principles for campaigning; 1) Self Governance of India & 2) Greater provincial autonomy, and safeguarding of minorities.

Question 2

How were the two sides’ approach to unity?

Answer 2

• Jinnah believed it was possible to unite the league and congress again
• Nehru was less than keen to improve relations, declaring that there were only 2 parties in India
• This angered Jinnah

Question 3

How did the elections unfold?

Answer 3

• Despite Jinnah’s efforts, the Muslims were beaten by huge margins.
• The congress won absolute 5 majorities, and was the single largest party in 4 others.
• They were invited to form ministries in United & Central Provinces, plus in Bihar, Orissa, Madras, Bombay, MWFP, & Assam.
• Punjab, Sindh & Bengal, despite being Muslim majority, did not work out for them.
• Muslims won only 109 out 482 reserved seats.

Question 4

What Post-Election Benefits did the Muslims see?

Answer 4

• Helped unify the party after internal splits
• Gained valuable experience, & insight regarding elections. They concluded that they required better organization & structure
• They know knew that their support, lay in the Muslim minority areas, and they couldn’t be complacent or negligent, towards them.
• They realized that their leaders were seen as aristocrats and princes, whereas many were poor, and underprivileged.