2.1 Information Processing

Question 1

Input stage of information processing

Answer 1

• uses the senses to pick up information from the sporting environment
• information from the environment = the display

Question 2

Senses

Answer 2

• five senses which are important in sport - used to collect information known as receptor systems:
  Sight, auditory, touch, balance, kinesthesis.
• internal senses called the proprioceptors e.g. touch, balance, kinsethesis
• external senses e.g. sight, hearing

Question 3

Decision making

Answer 3

• performer makes a decision based on all the information collected by the senses
• receives all the information from the 5 senses and has to sort through them.
• separating the relevant information from the irrelevant information = selective attention

Question 4

Receptor systems

Answer 4

Vision, auditory, proprioception

Proprioception = touch, kinaesthesis, equalibrium

Question 5

Benefits of selective attention

Answer 5

• improves conc
• improves reaction time
• filters out distractions
• controls arousal
• reduces info overload

Question 6

Perceptual mechanism

Answer 6

• Information is received from the display by receptor systems
• selective attention to filter out info
• DCR processes = detection (cues in env), comparison (cues compared with memory), recognition (correct response based off memories)

Question 7

Translatory mechanisms

Answer 7

• filtered information from perceptual
• compares info with memory
• decision making process
• selects the appropriate motor program

Question 8

Effector mechanism, muscular system + output and feedback

Answer 8

Effector mechanism
- once appropriate motor program selected, impulses sent to relevant working muscles to carry out movement

Muscular system + output
- muscles receive impulses
- action performed

Feedback
- intrinsic (proprioception) e.g. ball in hands
- extrinsic e.g. crowd cheers / coach shouting

Question 9

Whitings model - applied to tennis return

Answer 9

1. The environment- contains the information needed to perform
2. The display - information is available to the tennis player e.g. the court, crowd, opponent, initial flight of the ball.
3. Receptor systems - uses 5 senses to collect the information from the display e.g. sound of the ball
4. Perceptual mechanism - player detects information picked up by the receptors.
   Ensures it is filtered by selective attention
5. Translatory mechanisms - tennis player compare the relevant information to an action
6. Effector mechanism - sends the coded impulse to the muscles
7. Muscles pick up this impulse + begin to contract
8. Output and feedback