2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

Phrase to describe permeability of the cell membrane

Answer 1

Partially permeable

Question 2

Describe the apperance of the nucleus

Answer 2

• Strands of linear DNA wrapped around histones (chromosomes)
• Surrounded by a double membrane

Question 3

Role of nucleus

Answer 3

Stores DNA, which codes for proteins and functional RNA’s

Question 4

What organelle contains a nucleolus, and what is it’s function and role

Answer 4

• Nucleus
• Dense reigon of DNA and protein
• Synthesises ribosomes

Question 5

Describe the apperance of the mitochondria

Answer 5

• Rod-shaped
• Outer-membrane
• Inner membrane folded into cristae
• Contains a fluid matrix

Question 6

Does the nucleus have a double or single membrane

Answer 6

Double

Question 7

Does the mitochondria have a double or single membrane

Answer 7

Double

Question 8

Role of the mitochondria

Answer 8

• Site of aerobic respiration
• Releasing ATP

Question 9

What does the fluid matrix of the mitochondria contain

Answer 9

• Enzymes
• 70s ribosomes
• Circular DNA

Question 10

Draw and label a mitochondria

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the apperance of chloroplasts

Answer 11

• Disc-shaped
• Double membrane surrounding a fluid stroma
• Contains stacks of thylakoids which hold chlrophyll

Question 12

What does the fluid stroma of a chloroplast contain

Answer 12

• Enzymes
• 70s ribosomes
• Circular DNA

Question 13

Does the chloroplast have a double or single membrane

Answer 13

Double

Question 14

Describe the function of chloroplasts

Answer 14

• Chlorophyll absorb light energy
• Site of photosynthesis

Question 15

Draw and label a chloroplast

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the apperance of the cell wall in plants

Answer 16

Cross-linked cellulose fibres

Question 17

Desribe the functions of the cell wall

Answer 17

• Middle lamellae betwen cells attach adjacent cells together
• Prevents cells bursting due to osmotic pressure
• Allow water to pass through

Question 18

What is the cell wall made of in fungi

Answer 18

Chitin

Question 19

What is the cell wall made of in algae

Answer 19

Cellulose and glycoproteins

Question 20

Role of Golgi Apparatus (and Golgi Vesicles)

Answer 20

• Modifies proteins and lipids by combining them with other proteins, lipids or carbohydrates
• Packages molecules into vesicles for transport
• Vesicles transport molecules for release from the cell

Question 21

Draw a Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

Question 22

Does the Golgi Apparatus have a double or single membrane

Answer 22

Single

Question 23

Describe the apperance of a lysosome

Answer 23

• Single membrane spheres
• Contianing hydrolytic enzymes

Question 24

Describe role of lysosomes

Answer 24

Digest pathogens and damaged organelles

Question 25

Does the lysosome have a double or single membrane

Answer 25

Single

Question 26

Draw a lysosome

Answer 26

Question 27

Composition of ribosome

Answer 27

Large and small subunit

Question 28

Function of ribosome

Answer 28

Site of **protein synthesis**

Question 29

Where are ribosomes found

Answer 29

In the cytoplasm, or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

What are ribosomes made of

Answer 30

Protein and rRNA

Question 31

Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 31

Site of protein synthesis (as ribosomes on outer surface)

Question 32

Role of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 32

Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

Question 33

Describe the apperance of the cell vacuole

Answer 33

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a **single-membrane**

Question 34

Role of cell vacuole

Answer 34

* Temporary food store * Help maintain turgor pressure

Question 35

Does the cell vacuole have a double or single membrane

Answer 35

Single

Question 36

In what ways can a cell specialise

Answer 36

* **Changes in shape** * **Membranes fold** to increase surface area * **Increase number of specific organelles** that link to it's function

Question 37

Define tissue

Answer 37

Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 38

Define organ

Answer 38

Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 39

Define organ system

Answer 39

Group of organs that work together to perfom a specific function

Question 40

Type of ribosomes in eukaryotes

Answer 40

80s

Question 41

What non-organelle structure typically shows in a microscope image of a chloroplast

Answer 41

Starch grains

Question 42

What pigment does chloroplasts contain

Answer 42

Chlorophyll