2.1.6. Transfer

Question 1

Examples of transfer

Answer 1

• Badminton + tennis- hitting with a racquet
• Table tennis + tennis- hitting ball over net
• Cricket + rounders- hitting a ball and running for points

Question 2

Transfer

Answer 2

The influence that one skill has on the learning of another

Question 3

When does transfer commonly occur?

Answer 3

In learning motor skills in sport, even when sports are different

Question 4

Learning new skills

Answer 4

It is common to learn basic skills first and then build on these to achieve more sophisticated skills

Question 5

Positive transfer

Answer 5

When the learning of one skill enhances the learning of another
e.g. throwing a javelin develops through experience of throwing a ball

Question 6

Negative transfer

Answer 6

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
e.g. tennis player when playing badminton may not be able to generate the power needed to hit the shuttlecock effectively

Question 7

Proactive transfer

Answer 7

When a previously learned skill affects the learning of a new skill
e.g. being able to throw will help learn an overarm bowl in cricket

Question 8

Retroactive transfer

Answer 8

When the current learning of a new skill affects the performance of a previously learned skill
e.g. learning golf drive will affect the performance of a hockey hit

Question 9

Bilateral transfer

Answer 9

• When learning is transferred from limb to limb
• Cognitive: understanding what is required
• Motor programmes transferred: pattern of movement learned by one limb is subconsciously used by other limb

Question 10

Optimising positive transfer

Answer 10

• Teach similar skills close together
• Don’t teach conflicting skills at the same time
• Make sure the previous skill is well learned
• Emphasise similar movements/ elements
• Use praise when positive transfer occurs
• Teach FMS first
• Make practices realistic
• Utilise progressive practices

Question 11

Causes of negative transfer

Answer 11

• Performer misunderstands the movement requirements
• A familiar stimulus requiring a different response
• Conflicting skills taught closely together
• When the practice environment is different to competition environment
• Different skills that appear to be similar but actually aren’t