what is DNA polymerase
enzyme that builds new DNA strands by adding nucleotide
what is helicase
enzyme that catalyses the breaking of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases in DNA molecules
what is semi-conservative rep
two new molecules which contain one old strand and one new strand
which phase of mitosis/meiosis does dna replication take place
during interphase
what does a genome contain
all the DNA
how does the DNA molecule unwind
double helix is untwisted which is catalysed by gyrase enzyme
how does DNA molecule unzip
H bonds between nucleotide bases are broken. this is catalysed by helicase and results in two single strands of DNA with exposed nucleotide bases
what is the process of semi conservative replication
- DNA molecule unwinds(via gyrase) and unzips(via helicase) which exposes DNA bases
- free nucleotides bond to exposed bases following complementary base pairing
-DNA polymerase catalyses the addition of these bases in the 5’ to 3’ direction and uses the single strand of unzipped DNA as a template
-leading strand is synthesised whereas the lagging strand is discontinuous - phosphodiester bonds form between the two nucleotides
what is the product of DNA rep
two DNA molecules identical to eachother
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2.1 microscopes30
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2.1 cell biology38
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2.2 carbohydrates39
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2.2 lipids32
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2.2 proteins37
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2.2 biological molecule testing13
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2.2 inorganic ions10
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2.3 nucleic acids21
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2.3 DNA replication9
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2.3 protein synthesis7
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2.4 enzymes38
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2.5 biological membranes18
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2.6 meiosis19
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2.6 mitosis14
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2.6 specialised cells24
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2.6 stem cells9
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3.1 exchange surfaces11
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3.1 mammalian gas exchange17
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3.1 gas exchange in fish13
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3.1 gas exchange in insects9
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3.2 transport in animals58
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3.2 the heart39
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3.2 transport of O2 and CO220
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3.3 transport in plants67
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3.3 xerophytes and hydrophytes10
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4.1 infection and diseases33
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4.1 key names of diseases30
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4.1 plant defences against pathogens21
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4.1 primary and secondary defences21
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4.1 specific immune response16
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4.1 antibodies13
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4.1 development of drugs1
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4.1 vaccinations5
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4.2 biodiversity52
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4.3 classification and evolution39
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5.1.1 homeostasis30
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5.1.2 excretion (the kidney)36
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5.1.2 excretion (the liver)16
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5.1.3 neural control66
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5.1.4 hormonal communication59
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5.1.5 plant responses24
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5.1.5 animal responses0
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5.2.1 photosynthesis59
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5.2.2 respiration35
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6.1.1 cellular controll45
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6.1.2 patterns of inheritance8
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6.1.3 DNA sequencing23
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6.1.3 DNA profiling6
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6.1.3 PCR13
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6.1.3 electrophoresis8
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genetic engineering8
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6.2.1 cloning and biotechnology0
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6.3.1 ecosystems34
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6.3.1 sampling ecosystems1
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6.3.2 populations and sustainability52
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5.1.4 hormonal communication8
