What is being increasingly sent between countries?
Culture, resources, products and currency.
How has globalisation changed where products are made/designed?
Globalisation has caused products to be made/manufactured in less developed countries where land for factories is cheaper and the resources to make the products are closer for transportation. Products however would be designed in more developed countries where people are more literate and educated.
How are cultures being shared/diffused?
Cultures are being shared through the internet, word of mouth, food, traditions and languages.
How are people becoming more mobile/connected?
People are becoming more mobile/connected through the internet and having more access to mobile phones, where people can talk to each other from other parts of the world, as technology is advancing.
Are countries becoming more or less interconnected and interdependent?
Countries are becoming more interconnected and interdependent because if one part of a manufacturing process of a company shuts down, the whole company would lose profits and perhaps go bankrupt and shut down.
What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the process by which places in the world are becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent as a result of huge increase in the global trade of goods, global companies, movement of people and cultural exchange between different areas of the world.
What is a TNC?
A TNC is a transnational corporation that produces and sells products and are located in more than one country, e.g. Apple.
Explain how TNCs help spread globalisation?
TNCs help spread globalisation by bringing the culture from their country of origin to many different countries, such as McDonalds bringing Western culture to many other countries. Also TNCs promote a culture of consumerism, meaning emerging or developing countries start to earn more money and then want to buy products they see in developed countries , which makes TNCs wealthier as more people are buying from their products.
Explain how governments can encourage globalisation to spread too?
Government can encourage globalisation to spread through the movement of people, which encourages freedom of immigration. This increases globalisation as the immigrants would be taking their culture, language, traditions and food with them where they can influence the area they go to ,to have their culture. Also governments encourage globalisation through investing into themselves to attract TNCs and FDIs, so that they will bring jobs, wealth and taxes along with more people that can work so the country would become more diverse.
What is SHENZHEN?
Shenzhen is an example of an export processing zone EPZ which is a type of free trade zone that is done to promote industrial and commercial exports. EPZ is an industrial estate that is usually 10 to 300 hectares that specialise in manufacturing for export.
What is Top down aid?
Top down is where money is coming from the government and is used for large-scale projects like building a dam.
What is bottom up aid?
Bottom up aid is where money is coming from charities and is used for small scale project like building a well in a less developed country.
What are NGOs?
NGO’s operate independently of any government, typically whose purpose is to address a social or political issue
What are IGOs?
IGO’s are an entity created by treaties ,involving two or more nations, to work in good faith on an issue of common interest
What is intermediate technology?
Intermediate technology uses low tech solutions using local materials, labour and expertise to solve problems. This is mainly used by NGOs.
What is the bottom up case study called and what do they do?
ASTRA, they help set up biogas generators.
What is the top down case study called?
Sardar Sarovar Dam.
What is the bottom up project scheme/location?
Biogas generator set up by ASTRA in rural India.
What is the Top down project scheme/location?
Hydroelectric power dam in West India - helps Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
What is the bottom up type of project/aim?
To provide a reliable fuel source for cooking.
What is the top down project/ aim?
Provides drinking water and electricity for cities and industries.
Who provided the labour/money/technology/maintenance for the bottom up aid?
The families or communities buy into the ASTRA program. So the program researches into the area.
Who provided the labour/money/technology/maintenance for the top down aid?
IGOs such as World Bank funded the large project. Funded partly by Japanese banks and partly by the state government in India.
Who are the winners/benefits - social, economic and environmental for the bottom up aid project?
The gas is smoke free, so fewer lung infections , there is no Ash. Girls do not need to collect wood so there is time for education for them.
