24 extra shit

Question 1

Glutathione

Answer 1

Sulfhydryl Buffer and antioxidant that Protects us from Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
-detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by reducing to H2O

Glutathione-Tripeptide w/sulfhydryl-ECG
-Glutamate Loses H and attaches to Cysteins Amino group
GSH->GSSG
Glutathione Reductase
-uses NADPH to reduce GSSG to GSH
-Contains FAD as prosthetic group 

Glutathione Peroxidase
-reduces H2O2 to H20 as GSH is oxidized to GSSG
Selenium (Se) replaces sulfur in R group of active site in Cysteine
-the E-Se (Selenolate) reduces Peroxide to Hydroxyl while being oxidized to an said E-Se-OH (Selenenic Acid)
-E-Se-OH is then reduced by Glutathione which is oxidized
-Oxidized glutathione is reduced by NADPH to NADP+ =GSH

Question 2

Nitric Oxide

Answer 2

Nitric Oxide (NO)
Second Messenger in signal transducttion pathways
-synthesized from Arginine

Nitrix Oxide Synthase

• synthesized Nitric oxide from Arg, O2, and NADPH
  1) Arginine + O2 reduced to N-w-hydroxyarginine +H2O via NADPH to NADP+
  2) N-w-hydroxyarginine +O2 is oxidized to Citrulline + H2O via NADP+ to NADPH to form Nitric OXIDE (NO)

Question 3

Prophyrins

Answer 3

cyclic compounds that readily bind metal ions

Question 4

Where does Heme Synthesis Occur?

Answer 4

Cellular Localization

• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm

Organ Localizatoin

• Liver=variable rate
• Erythrocyte producing cells of bone marrow-constant rate

Question 5

Degradation of Heme

Answer 5

1) Heme + 2O2 +NADPH -> Biliverdin + CO+ 2H2O +NADP+
- loses Fe
2) Biliverdin reduced to Bilirubin
- Biliverdine reductase
- NADPH to NADP+