240 flashcards

Question 1

what do elastic properties of tissues allow

Answer 1

allows tissues to respond to strain without deformation

Question 2

how do bones and muscle differ in elastic properties

Answer 2

bone is the least elastic

muscle is the most elastic

Question 3

What is tissue failure

Answer 3

strain that exceed the tissue’s ability to withstand (elasticity) results in injury

Question 4

What are the 5 main forces causing injuries

Answer 4

Compression, Tension, Shearing, Bending torsion

Question 5

What are the main forces causing injury in the two long bones

Answer 5

bending and torsion

Question 6

What are the two things that comprise compression

Answer 6

Force with enough energy to crush tissues

can be from one big blow or a bunch of little blows that results in damage in tissue

Question 7

What are tension tissue loading common in

Answer 7

ligament and muscle

Question 8

What comprises of tension (2 things)

Answer 8

pulling forces with stresses tissue beyond what can be sustained

results in sprain strain or avulsion injury

Question 9

what is an avulsion injury

Answer 9

sudden tearing of a body part away from normal attachment

Question 10

What is shearing

Answer 10

force moving parallel across the tissue

Question 11

What kind of load does bending occur under

Answer 11

axial load, vertical

Question 12

What is torsion

Answer 12

loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends

Question 13

What are the three severity of injuries

Answer 13

life threatening, serious, and non life threatening/serious

Question 14

what constitutes a serious injury

Answer 14

a debilitating injury that will have significant implications on the ability of an athlete to continue to participate in sport

impacts ADL’s and may require surgery or rehab

Question 15

What are the two main injury classifications

Answer 15

chronic and acute

Question 16

What is an acute injury (3 things)

Answer 16

immediate onset directly after injury mechanism, requires immediate intervention and pain may not show up right away

Question 17

What are the signs of acute injury (SHARP)

Answer 17

Swelling
Heat
altered function
redness
pain

Question 18

what is a chronic injury and how is it managed

Answer 18

often presents as a number of small acute events, may not have a mechanism to explain

altering participation is often the most effective way to manage with rehab

more clinical

Question 19

What are the three mechanisms of injury

Answer 19

intrinsic, extrinsic and environmental

Question 20

what is intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism of injury

Answer 20

intrinsic: results from dysfunction or overuse

extrinsic: interacting with an opponent or structure

Question 21

Why should you have an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) two tings

Answer 21

Guidance and order in emergencies

injuries can be dealt with quickly and efficiently if you have a clear EAP

Question 22

What are the three key roles in an EAP

Answer 22

charge person: most capable to handle injuries

call person: they are responsible for calling EMS, relay info from charge and EMS

control person: the person who will keep onlookers away, general assistance

Question 23

What are the three main EAP components

Answer 23

1 page protocol with step by step emergency procedure

List all the important info about the facility

List nearest hospitals and health care facilities

Question 24

What are some important EAP considerations (3 things)

Answer 24

is there an AED on site, where is medical info and first aid, and there is a route for ambulance to access

Question 25

When should EMS be called?

Answer 25

athlete is unresponsive or suspect loss of consciousness or head/spine injury trouble breathing or bleeding suspected broken bones if unsure, call EMS

Question 26

When should you do a secondary survey and what 4 things are part of it (HOPS)

Answer 26

once life-threatening injury has been ruled out history observations palpation special tests

Question 27

What should you want to find out for History (3 things)

Answer 27

sounds, feelings, where the pain is

Question 28

what should you be looking for in the observation stage of injury evaluation (sharp plus two things)

Answer 28

Swelling, heat, altered function, redness pain deformity bleeding

Question 29

what is a special test in injury evaluation

Answer 29

specific to type of injury and structures involved

Question 30

What are the 5 parts of bone anatomy

Answer 30

Diaphysis: shaft Epiphysis: rounded end Epiphysial plate: growth plate Articular Cartilage: cartilage reducing friction and stuff Periosteum: vascular connective tissue on outside, contains osteoblasts

Question 31

What is Wolff's Law

Answer 31

every change in form and function is followed by changes in architectural design

Question 32

What are the difference between closed or open fractures

Answer 32

closed: little movement or displacement open: displacement of the fractured bone through surrounding tissue

Question 33

what are some signs of a fracture

Answer 33

deformity, pain, swelling, crepitus

Question 34

What are some causes of stress fractures and what does it lead to

Answer 34

Starting new training too quick or difference in training/volume leads to stress beyond yield point in bone

Question 35

What are the symptoms in the early vs later stages of stress fracture

Answer 35

early stages: specific tenderness and pain later: pain with activity, pain becoming more intense at rest

Question 36

what bones are stress fracture prone

Answer 36

tibia, load bearing bones of the foot

Question 37

What are the three main bone injuries

Answer 37

Avulsion fractures -separation of bone fragment via pull of ligament or tendon Epiphyseal conditions - growth plate fraction common in kids 10-16 Apophyseal injuries -where tendons and ligaments attach to a bone origin insertions for muscles

Question 38

Who is susceptible and conditions common with Apophyseal injuries

Answer 38

young active adults severs disease and osgood-schlatter disease

Question 39

What are the 6 synovial joints/areas associated

Answer 39

Hyaline cartilage Fibrous connective tissue capsule Ligaments Joint cavity with synovial fluid Muscles Menisci

Question 40

What are the three grades of Ligament Sprains

Answer 40

Grade I: some pain minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion and mild point tenderness Grade II: Pain, moderate loss of function and swelling, instability with tearing and separation of ligament fibers Grade III: extremely painful, inevitable loss of function instablity and swelling, subluxation

Question 41

What happens in both dislocations and subluxations

Answer 41

result in separation of bony articulating surfaces

Question 42

What is subluxation

Answer 42

partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of bones, bones come back together in alignment

Question 43

What is a dislocation (2 tings)

Answer 43

occurs when at least 1 bone is forced out of alignment and must be manually or surgically fixed deformity has asymmetry

Question 44

What is the only absolute diagnostic technique with dislocations

Answer 44

X-ray because it can see bone fragments fractures and disruptions

Question 45

dislocations should be considered as treated as a ______ until ruled out

Answer 45

fracture

Question 46

What is bursitis

Answer 46

swelling pain loss of function repeated trauma can lead to calcification and degeneration of internal bursa linings

Question 47

What are tendons and when does tissue failure happen

Answer 47

tendons are wavy parallel and collagenous fibers organized in bundles tissue failure when the tissue is placed under tension occuring at a high velocity

Question 48

What is tendinitis (3 tings)and how is it treated (3 tings)

Answer 48

inflammation of the tendon, swelling and pain crepitus combo of treatment -consult, overload, rest and activity

Question 49

What is a muscle tear/strain

Answer 49

tear to muscle or adjacent tissue may range from seperation of connective tissue to avulsion or rupture grades 1 to 3

Question 50

What is grades 1-3 of muscle strain

Answer 50

1: fibers have been stretched but full ROM with pain 2: fibers have been torn, depression palpable and swelling, pain 3: complete rupture and significant pain due to nerve damage

Question 51

what is a contusion

Answer 51

injury to muscle bc of a blow hematoma; intramuscular bleeding into surrounding tissue clot encapsulated in connective tissue

Question 52

What muscle strengthening techniques should u do for injury prevention of the cervical spine

Answer 52

strengthen muscles of the neck and brace the neck

Question 53

How to prevent thoracic spine injury?

Answer 53

Correct posture and available range of motion