24.Inflammation. Interferons.

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

• activation of innate immunity (cellular + humoral)
• signs are pain, temp, redness + swelling
• 2 cells responsible for inflammation are MAST ( -> spherical nucleus) and BASOPHILL CELLS (-> circulate the blood stream). They are both filled with basophillic granules

Question 2

Inflammatory Response

Answer 2

• Macrophages discharge cytokines
• Mast cells rupture and release histamines
• Histamines cause blood vessels to dilate and release delocalised heat to surface of skin
• Capillary walls become more permeable, so certain proteins are released

Question 3

Systematic Inflammation

Answer 3

• Caused by an extensive tissue damage or serve infection
• causes an additional amount of additional neutrohills to increase e.g. menagitis, apendilitis
• caused by the protein iL-1

Question 4

Interferons

Answer 4

are proteins that provide innate immunity against viral infections, e.g. cold, influenza
- interferones alpha and beta are the main defenses againts viruses

Question 5

Functions of interferons

Answer 5

signals neighbouring uninfected cells to destroy RNA and reduce protein syntheses
- signals neighbouring cells to undergo appoctosis
- activates immune cells
-> protein kinase => inactivates translation
-> ribonuclease => digest the mRNA