1
Q
where do the kidneys sit
A
on the posterior abdominal wall between T12 down to L3
2
Q
are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
A
retroperitoneal
3
Q
does the peritoneum fully envelop the kidneys
A
- no
- it passes in front of the kidneys
4
Q
what is posteriorly in touch with both the left and right kidney
A
- diaphragm
- transverse abdominis
- quadratus lumborum
- psoas major
- branches if the lumbar plexus that innervate the anterior lower part of the abdomen
5
Q
what is superiorly in touch with both the left and right kidney
A
the adrenal glands
6
Q
what is anteriorly in touch with the left kidney
A
- spleen
- pancreas
- stomach
- left colic flexure
7
Q
what is anteriorly in touch with the right kidney
A
- liver
- duodenum
- right colic flexure
8
Q
which kidney is lower than the other and why
A
- right kidney is lower
- due to the liver pushing it down
9
Q
what are the four layers of kidney coverings from innermost to outermost
A
- fibrous capsule
- perineal fat
- renal fascia
- pararenal fat
10
Q
what is the innermost layer of kidney coverings that is attached to the surface of the kidney
A
fibrous capsule
11
Q
what is the fibrous capsule made of
A
dense connective tissue
12
Q
what is the function of the fibrous capsule
A
mechanical protection
13
Q
what are the functions of perirenal fat
A
- thermal insulation
- mechanical protection
14
Q
what is the renal fascia made of
A
loose connective tissue
15
Q
what is the function of the renal fascia
A
it adheres the kidneys to surrounding structures to anchor it in place
16
Q
what is the outermost layer of kidney coverings
A
pararenal fat
17
Q
where is the pararenal fat located on the kidneys
A
on the sides and back of the kidneys
18
Q
what is the function of the pararenal fat
A
- thermal insulation
- mechanical protection
19
Q
coronal section of the kidneys
A
- renal capsule
- renal cortex
- renal medulla
- renal pyramids
- renal papilla
- renal sinus
- renal columns
- renal lobe
- nephrons
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- renal hilum
- renal artery
- renal vein
20
Q
what is the outermost layer of the kidneys
A
renal capsule
21
Q
what is immediately deep to the renal capsule
A
renal cortex
22
Q
what is the inner region of the kidney called
A
renal medulla
23
Q
what is the renal medulla comprised of
A
renal pyramids
24
Q
what is the apex of the renal pyramids called
A
renal papilla
25
what is the renal papilla directed towards
the renal sinus
26
what is the renal sinus
cavity within the kidney that houses the calyces and renal pelvis
27
what is contained within the renal sinus
- renal pelvis
- renal artery
- renal vein
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
28
what are the renal columns
extensions of the renal cortex that runs between the pyramids
29
what does a renal lobe consist of
- one renal pyramid
- the part of the cortex covering the pyramid
- half of the adjacent renal columns
30
how many renal lobes are there
the same amount as there are renal pyramids
31
what do nephrons do
filter urine from the blood
32
where do nerphrons sit
in the renal cortex and renal pyramids
33
where do the nephrons open into and release urine
at the tip of the renal papilla into the minor calyx
34
what is the minor calyx
small space that receives individual papilla
35
what is the major calyx
space that receives several minor calyxes
36
what does the renal pelvis receive
all urine produced by the lobes of the kidneys
37
what does the renal pelvis turn into distally
small tube called the ureter
38
what is the ureter a continuation of
the renal pelvis
39
does the ureter form inside or outside the renal hilum
outside
40
what is the renal hilum
extension of the renal sinus
41
where is the renal hilum
on the medial border of the kidney
42
what is within the renal hilum
- the same stuff as the renal sinus
- renal pelvis
- renal artery
- renal vein
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
43
what is the artery that supplies the kidney
direct branch of the abdominal aorta called the renal artery
44
what vein collects venous blood from the kidneys
renal vein
45
where does the renal vein drain into
directly into the inferior vena cava
46
what is the ureter
two muscular tubes that actively pass urine into the bladder
47
is the ureter retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
retroperineal
48
what two organs does the ureter connect
kidneys to the urinary bladder
49
how many narrowing points are in the bladder
3
50
where is the first ureter narrowing
at the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter
51
at what level is the first ureter narrowing
at the level of L1
52
where is the second ureter narrowing
when the ureter passes over the common iliac arteries
53
at what level is the second ureter narrowing
at the level of the sacroiliac joint
54
where is the third ureter narrowing
when the ureter enters into the bladder
55
at what level is the third urter narrowing
at the level of S2
56
what is the narrowest ureter narrowing
the third one
57
what is the urinary bladder
muscular sac that temporarily stores urine
58
is the urinary bladder retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
59
what is the maximum amount of urine the urinary bladder can hold
700 to 800 mL
60
at how many mL does the body recieve the first signal to pee
150 mL
61
at how many mL does the body recieve the second signal to pee
300 mL
62
what is the maximum functional capacity of the urinary bladder
- 500 mL
- third and final warning occurs
63
what is the urinary bladder immediately behind
pubic symphysis
64
does the bladder occupy the true or false pelvis when it is empty
true pelvis
65
does the bladder extend into the false pelvis when full
yes
66
what are the three urinary bladder surfaces
- inferolateral surfaces
- superior surface
- apex
- base
67
are there one or two inferolateral surfaces of the bladder
two surfaces that join together
68
what forms when the two inferolateral surfaces join together
apex of the urinary bladder
69
what is the inferolateral surface of the bladder in touch with in both sexes
loosely in touch with muscles of the pelvic wall and pelvic floor
70
what is near the junction of the two inferolateral surfaces
beginning of the urethra/neck of the bladder
71
what is the superior surface of the bladder in touch with in both sexes
coils of the small intestine
72
where is the apex of the bladder immediately behind
pubic symphasis
73
how does the apex of the bladder form
when the surfaces of the bladder converge anteriorly
74
what is the inferolateral surface of the bladder in touch with in males
prostate gland
75
what is the superior surface of the bladder in touch with in males
sigmoid colon
76
what is the base of the bladder in touch with in males
- seminal vesicles
- rectum
77
what is the superior surface of the bladder in touch with in females
uterus
78
what is the base of the bladder in touch with in females
vaginal canal
79
where do the ureters open in the urinary bladder
on the superolateral angles of the urinary trigone
80
what is the urinary trigone
smooth triangular inner surface of the base of the bladder
81
what is located at the inferior angle of the urinary trigone
internal urethral sphincter
82
what is the internal urethral sphincter made of
smooth muscle fibers of the bladder
83
what is another name for the internal urethral sphincter
involuntary urethral sphincter
84
is the prostatic urethra in males or females
males
85
what is the prostatic urethra
the first part of the male urethra
86
what is the external urethral sphincter made of
skeletal muscle fibers of the perineal muscles
87
what is another name for the external urethral sphincter
voluntary urethral sphincter
CAPS 391
flashcards
Decks in class (33)
# Cards
-
1: Intro30
-
2: Skeletal System + Skull31
-
3: Axial Skeleton26
-
4: Upper Limb Bones25
-
5: Lower Limb Bones26
-
6: Joints I50
-
7: Joints II28
-
8: Nervous System I59
-
9: Nervous System II46
-
10: Nervous System III81
-
11: PNS I40
-
12: PNS II63
-
13: VNS I35
-
14: VNS II19
-
15: Muscular System I38
-
16: Muscular System II31
-
17: Muscular System III35
-
18: Muscular System IV26
-
19: Muscular System V42
-
20: Cardiovascular System I48
-
21: Cardiovascular System II73
-
22: Cardiovascular System III54
-
23: Lymphatic System50
-
24: Respiratory System I49
-
25: Respiratory System II58
-
26: Digestive System I67
-
27: Digestive System II79
-
28: Digestive System III73
-
29: Urinary System87
-
30: Male Reproductive System69
-
31: Female Reproductive System68
-
32: Endocrine System68
-
33: Eye100
