1
Q
what are the eyelids made of
A
skin folds whose core is made of fibroelastic tissue
2
Q
what is the core of the eyelid called
A
tarsal plates
3
Q
what are the tarsal plates made of
A
fibroelastic tissue
4
Q
in which eyelid is the tarsal plate more prominent
A
upper eyelid
5
Q
what do the tarsal plates carry
A
sebaceous tarsal glands
6
Q
what is the function of the sebaceous tarsal glands
A
its secretions keep the eyelashes moist
7
Q
what occurs is the sebaceous tarsal glands become infected
A
styes
8
Q
what does the tarsal plate serve as
A
an attachment site for the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
9
Q
what is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
A
lifts the upper eyelid
10
Q
what is the levator palpebrae superioris muscle innervated by
A
- CN III
- sympathetic fibers from T1
11
Q
what lines the inner surface of the eye
A
conjunctiva
12
Q
where does the conjunctiva cover
A
the anterior surface of the eye
13
Q
does the conjunctiva extend in front of the cornea
A
no
14
Q
how is the conjunctiva kept moist
A
through the secretion of tears
15
Q
how big is the eyeball
A
- ~2.5 cm
- ~7 to 8 cm
16
Q
what are the three main layers of the eye from outermost to innermost
A
- fibrous layer
- vascular layer
- nervous layer
17
Q
what is another name for an eye layer
A
eye tunic
18
Q
what is the outermost eye layer
A
fibrous layer
19
Q
what are the main two features of the fibrous layer of the eye
A
- sclera
- cornea
20
Q
what is the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous layer of the eye made of
A
dense irregular connective tissue
21
Q
what is the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous layer of the eye called
A
sclera
22
Q
what is the function of the sclera
A
provide the eye mechanical protection
23
Q
what is the anterior 1/6 of the fibrous layer of the eye made of
A
cornea
24
Q
what is special about the cornea
A
it is completely transparent
25
how is the cornea transparent
it depends on the arrangement of collagen fibers
26
does the cornea have any blood supply
no
27
what is the function of the cornea
helps focus light onto the retina
28
what helps the cornea focus light onto the retina
the corneas convex shape
29
what are the main six features of the vascular layer of the eye
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
- pupil
- lens
- suspensory ligaments
30
what is the posterior 5/6 of the vascular layer of the eye called
choroid
31
what does the anterior 1/6 of the fibrous layer of the eye give rise to
two muscular structures made of smooth muscle fibers
32
what are the two muscular structures the anterior 1/6 of the vascular layer of the eye gives rise to
- ciliary body
- iris
33
where does the choroid sit
just inside the sclera
34
what does the choroid supply to the eyeball
nutrients and oxygen
35
what does the choroid carry
pigments to absorb light and prevent the reflection of light beams
36
what is the ciliary body
a muscular disc whose fibers are arranged in concentric layers
37
what does the ciliary body act as
a sphincter
38
what happens when the ciliary body is contracted
it becomes smaller
39
what does the ciliary body create
fluid called aqueous humor
40
what is the iris
a muscular disc whose fibers are either arranged in concentric layers or radially
41
what is located in the center of the iris
the pupil
42
what is behind the pupil
the lens of the eye
43
what is the lens of the eye
an elastic, biconvex structure
44
where does the lens of the eye sit
within the circle of the ciliary body
45
what is the function of the lens
to focus light
46
what is the function of the suspensory ligaments
to suspend the lens in the middle of the hole of the ciliary body
47
what is the innermost eye layer
nervous layer
48
what is the main features of the nervous layer of the eye
retina
49
what is the posterior 3/4 of the nervous layer of the eye called
retina
50
what is the anterior 1/4 of the nervous layer of the eye made of
simple epithelium
51
what does the simple epithelium of the anterior 1/4 of the nervous layer of the eye cover
- posterior surface of the ciliary body
- posterior surface of the iris
52
what does the simple epithelium of the anterior 1/4 of the nervous layer of the eye carry
melanin
53
what does the melanin in the anterior 1/4 of the nervous layer of the eye function to do
- determines eye colour
- protects the eye against UV damage
54
what are the two things the retina carries
- photoreceptors
- neurons
55
what are the two main types of photoreceptors
- rods
- cones
56
what do the rods in the retina of the eye detect
black and white
57
how many types of cones are there in the retina of the eye
3
58
what do the three cones in the retina of the eye detect
- red
- blue
- green
59
what do axons that originate from the retina leave the eye as
the optic nerve
60
what are the three main features of the retina
- optic disc
- macula lutea
- fovea centralis
61
where is the optic disc located
close to the centre of the retina
62
what begins at the optic disc
the optic nerve
63
are there photoreceptors in the optic disc
- no
- it is a blind spot
64
what is the area called that has a high concentration of photoreceptors
macula lutea
65
what is at the center of the macula lutea
fovea centralis
66
what is special about the fovea centralis
very sensitive due to how many photoreceptors there are
67
posterior view of the anterior half of the ciliary body
- ciliary muscle
- suspensory ligament
- lens
68
when does the sympathetic nervous system relax the ciliary body
when looking far away
69
why does the ciliary body relax to look far away
- done to minimize the convexity of the lens
- relaxing the ciliary body increases the tension of the suspensory ligaments to make the lens flatter
70
when does the parasympathetic nervous system contract the ciliary body
when looking near
71
why does the ciliary body contract to look near
- done to maximize the convexity of the lens
- contracting the ciliary body decreases the tension of the suspensory ligaments to make the lens more convex
72
what are the two ways the smooth muscle fibers of the iris can be arranged
- concentric layers
- radially
73
what is the name for the concentric layers of the smooth muscle fibers of the iris
sphincter pupillae
74
what does the sphincter pupillae function to do
constricts the pupil
75
what is the sphincter pupillae innervated by
parasympathetic fibers of CN III
76
what is the name for the radial smooth muscle fibers of the iris
dilator pupillae
77
what does the dilator pupillae function to do
dilates the pupil
78
what is the dilator pupillae innervated by
T1
79
what are the three spaces of the eye
- anterior chamber
- posterior chamber
- vitreous chamber
80
where is the anterior chamber located
between the cornea and iris
81
where is the posterior chamber located
between the iris and lens
82
what are the anterior and posterior chambers filled with
aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body
83
why are the anterior and posterior chambers filled with aqueous humor
to supply the cornea, iris, and lens with oxygen and nutrients
84
are the posterior and anterior chambers connected
- yes they are connected through the pupil
- aqueous humor first passes through the posterior chamber before going through the pupil to go in the anterior chamber
85
where does the aqueous humor return to the blood circulation through
the scleral venous sinus
86
where is the scleral venous sinus located
at the junction of the cornea and sclera
87
what is the function of the scleral venous sinus
picks up the aqueous humor
88
what occurs if the scleral venous sinus does not pick up the aqueous humor
- pressure builds in the anterior and posterior chambers
- aqueous humor transfers into the retina
- glaucoma develops
89
what produces tears
lacrimal gland
90
what is the lacrimal gland innervated by
parasympathetic fibers from CN VII
91
what is located in the medial corner of the eye
lacrimal lake
92
what does the lacrimal lake contain
opening for two tiny ducts
93
what is the name of the two tiny ducts in the lacrimal lake
lacrimal canaliculus
94
what is the function of the lacrimal canaliculus
drains tears from the eye
95
where do tears from the lacrimal canaliculus drain to
lacrimal sac
96
where does the lacrimal sac sit
in the lacrimal bone
97
what opens into the inferior nasal meatus
nasolacrimal duct
98
what provides blood supply to the eye
the ophthalmic artery which is a branch of the internal carotid artery
99
what is the sense of sight picked up by
CN II (optic nerve)
100
what is the general sense of the eye picked up by
CN V1 (ophthalmic division)
CAPS 391
flashcards
Decks in class (33)
# Cards
-
1: Intro30
-
2: Skeletal System + Skull31
-
3: Axial Skeleton26
-
4: Upper Limb Bones25
-
5: Lower Limb Bones26
-
6: Joints I50
-
7: Joints II28
-
8: Nervous System I59
-
9: Nervous System II46
-
10: Nervous System III81
-
11: PNS I40
-
12: PNS II63
-
13: VNS I35
-
14: VNS II19
-
15: Muscular System I38
-
16: Muscular System II31
-
17: Muscular System III35
-
18: Muscular System IV26
-
19: Muscular System V42
-
20: Cardiovascular System I48
-
21: Cardiovascular System II73
-
22: Cardiovascular System III54
-
23: Lymphatic System50
-
24: Respiratory System I49
-
25: Respiratory System II58
-
26: Digestive System I67
-
27: Digestive System II79
-
28: Digestive System III73
-
29: Urinary System87
-
30: Male Reproductive System69
-
31: Female Reproductive System68
-
32: Endocrine System68
-
33: Eye100
