2c+d

Question 1

What chemical elements are present in carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen

Question 2

Chemical elements present in lipids

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 3

Chemical elements are present in proteins

Answer 3

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur

Question 4

What are complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen made up of?

Answer 4

Simple sugars

Question 5

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 5

Proteins are made up of amino acids

Question 6

What two molecules are lipids made of?

Answer 6

• Fatty acids
• Glycerol

Question 7

What are enzymes?

Answer 7

• Biological catalysts
• increase rate of metabolic reactions

Question 8

4 factors that affect an enzyme?

Answer 8

• Temperature
• pH
• Substrate concentration
• Enzyme concentration

Question 9

Effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction

Answer 9

• As the temperature increases, rate of reaction increases
• Onces the temperature exceeds optimum, the enzyme DENATURES and rate of reaction decreases

Question 10

Why does the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction increase when temperature increases?

Answer 10

• As the temperature increases, particles have more KE
• this increases the frequency of succesful collisions, leading to a reaction

Question 11

If temperature increases above the optimum, how does this affect enzyme function?

Answer 11

The enzyme denatures and the active site changes shape, so it will no longer fit the substrate

Question 12

Describe the effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction

Answer 12

• the rate of an enzyme is fastest at the optimum pH
• if the pH is too high or low, the enzyme will work less efficient and it could denature at extremes of pH

Question 13

Define diffusion

Answer 13

• net movement of molecules
• from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 14

• As temperature increases, particles will have more KE and move faster
• rate of diffusion increases

Question 15

How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 15

• The greater the concentration gradient (the difference between two areas), the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 16

How does the surface area of the membrane affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 16

As the surface area increases, the rate of diffusion increases, as there is more space for the particles to move through

Question 17

Define osmosis

Answer 17

The net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane

Question 18

Define active transport

Answer 18

The net movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration against their concentration gradient using energy