3. self

Question 1

The self or self-concept (Rogers)

Answer 1

an aspect of our experience of the world.
- represents an organized and consistent pattern of perceptions
- a personality structure
-

Question 2

rogers two main theories

Answer 2

• self actualization theory and

Question 3

perceptions
actual self
ideal self

Answer 3

• actual, how to percieve ourselves
• ideal:
  there has to be some sort of congruence between them

Question 4

perceptions
actual self
ideal self

Answer 4

• actual, how to percieve ourselves
• ideal: idealized version how u wish you were
  there has to be some sort of congruence between them

Question 5

what if you are not congruent with ur actual and ideal self

Answer 5

• u dont feel congruent
• act in defensive processes
• such as denial
• distortion : oh i cheated on the test cuz evryone cheated so uhhhh its ok

Question 6

why do we feel the need to deny and distort when feeling incongruent? why not just be incongruent and be ok?

Answer 6

• we have ways to classify ourselves and if there is disorder between that, we lose a sense and perception of who we are and we dont be fucking with that.

Question 7

self consistency

Answer 7

basic need that we need to self actualize ourselves.

Question 8

need for positive regard

Answer 8

• essential for child development in the early stages

- conditions of worth: we define our worth based on how well our actions match up with what is expected of us

Question 9

need for positive regard

conditions of worth

Answer 9

• essential for child development in the early stages

- conditions of worth: we define our worth based on how well our actions match up with what is expected of us

Question 10

subseption

Answer 10

• sort of unconscious/intuitive process of realizing that theres some type of incongruence in our self concept that then leads to distortion and denial

Question 11

phenomenological field approach

Answer 11

• space of perceptions that makes up our meaning we attach to things. so we only live in our subjective bubble of our own reality. and the self concept is a prominent figure in this field.

Question 12

johnny example with mom and baby sis

Answer 12

• johnnys mom gets baby sister
• doesnt give him love at all anymore
• so he starts acting the way she wanted him to in order to fulfill the need for positive regard
• later in life he feels insecure
• this is because there is no congruence between the actual and ideal self

Question 13

humanistic approach to therapy

Answer 13

gestalt therapy

• environment that is based on equal terms
• works on the positive traits that shoulda been given to the individual in their childhood
• person or client centered therapy

Question 14

critiques

Answer 14

• theory is good in sowing that personality is active and not just something that happens to us which is what skinner and freud sorta do
• very optimistic theory
• rogers was only one who explored phenomenological field
• cons: too global and too vague to be properly considered.
• does not pay attention to inheritable characteristics

Question 15

Social cognitive theory

bandura and Mischel

Answer 15

• we learn in a social conext

Question 16

critiques of rogers

Answer 16

• theory is good in sowing that personality is active and not just something that happens to us which is what skinner and freud sorta do
• very optimistic theory
• rogers was only one who explored phenomenological field
• cons: too global and too vague to be properly considered.
• does not pay attention to inheritable characteristics

Question 17

self-efficacy

Answer 17

• the belief someone has about ones abilities and successes.
  ppl with strong self efficacy feel less fearful
• beliefs on how well u can perform a task

Question 18

difference between self esteem and self efficacy

Answer 18

• esteem is more generalized, efficacy is how well u believe you can do in a specific context

Question 19

microanalytic research

Answer 19

• primary method of how SCT is used to do research on the theory
• example in order to find out whether someone si good at drawing, they would not ask oh are u good at drawing, the would ask micro questions like can u draw a tree can u draw etc..

Question 20

reciprocal determinism

Answer 20

interaction between 3 components
- behavior
- environment (our interpretation of env factors, ex: im tryna go to the market but it rains. if i decide to go anyways it means i really wanna go but if i decide to stay in, the intensity of the rain will increase in my head ad ill be like naa)
personality

Question 21

cognitive affective processing system

Answer 21

• connections and emotions are really linked to each other

Question 22

modeling

Answer 22

• imitation:
• identification : general broad patterns of behavior, see an idol, try to be like them and act like they would.
• modeling : learning more of a general rule like oh if im done playing i should clean my toys.

Question 23

• modeling

dont get the difference

Answer 23

• imitation:
• identification : general broad patterns of behavior, see an idol, try to be like them and act like they would.
• modeling : learning more of a general rule like oh if im done playing i should clean my toys.

Question 24

requirements of observational learning

Answer 24

• attention
• retention
• reinforcement

Question 25

critiques of bandura

Answer 25

- pros: determines that ppl can change depending on situation, focuses on cognitive aspects. cons: limitted focus on unconscious thoughts and emotions.

Question 26

fully functioning person?

Answer 26

someone who is self actualizing

Question 27

congruence

Answer 27

actions align with your perceived self

Question 28

conditioned positive regard | condition of worth

Answer 28

- Ppl are only judged as worthy if conditions are fulfilled - Can interfere with self actualization foe example if ur an aspiring artist but ur family wants u to help with the family business so u give up your dream. (Self-actualization is blocked by ur parents condition of worth)

Question 29

Conditions of self regard:

Answer 29

we only accept ourselves on the condition that

Question 30

incongruence

Answer 30

conflict between self and experiences inconsistent with self for example you identify urself as a kind person but then you lash out at someone. This results in anxiety

Question 31

subsception

Answer 31

becoming aware of situation that threatens your self concept before it enters awareness so it leads you to activate your defense mechanisms

Question 32

organismic valuing process

Answer 32

organism evaluates if self actualization is happening, if not, senses something is wrong

Question 33

contingent self worth

Answer 33

same as conditions of self regard we only accept ourselves when we fulfil contions by ourselves

Question 34

difference between conditions of worth and conditions of self regard

Answer 34

conditions of worth: conditional positive regard from others self regard: conditional positive regard from you

Question 35

distortion

Answer 35

when you try to distort reality to ease the anxiety. "i got a bad grade cuz the teacher is shit"

Question 36

denial

Answer 36

deny what is making u feel bad all together

Question 37

self-handicapping

Answer 37

purposefully creating situations that lead you to failure so you can blame it on that jenny goes out one night before her exam so she can blame it on that instead of the fact

Question 38

reciprocal determinism

Answer 38

principle that personal, environmental, and behavioral factors constantly influence each other

Question 39

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 39

- seeing how ppl get rewarded or punished for doing something. increase or decrease likelihood youll do i too

Question 40

4 steps to observational learning

Answer 40

attention retention production: producing observation into own actions performance

Question 41

3 ways of observational learning

Answer 41

- modeling: learning by observing behav of others - imitation: copying - identification: copying persons entire behavioral patterns