3.2 Extracellular Structures

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

outer boundary surrounding all cells

Question 2

Extracellular structures

Answer 2

All structures outside of the plasma membrane

Question 3

Intracellular structures

Answer 3

all structures withing boundary of plasma membrane

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

just outside the plasma membrane in most prokaryotic cells

Question 5

Polar molecules

Answer 5

Tend to interact w water

Question 6

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 6

lack double bonds in their hydrocarbon backbone

Question 7

Ester bonds

Answer 7

O-C==O

Question 8

Esther bonds

Answer 8

O-C-O

Question 9

Isoprenoids

Answer 9

Organic molecules made up of isoprene units

Question 10

Isoprene units

Answer 10

C5H8 – Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 11

Bacteria use ….. as a core component of their cell walls

Answer 11

Peptidoglycan

Question 12

Peptideoglycan contains….

Answer 12

Protein and sugar

Question 13

Glycans

Answer 13

Cahin-like structures made of covalently linked monosaccharide subunits (sugars)

Question 14

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Answer 14

glycolipid in outer membrane of gram neg bacteria

Question 15

Periplasmic space

Answer 15

Space between outer membrane and plasma membrane

Question 16

Glycolipids

Answer 16

Lipids w added sugar groups

Question 17

A number of Gram-negative bacteria belong to the family ….

Answer 17

Enterobacteriaceae

Question 18

Enterobacteriaceae/enteric bacteria

Answer 18

• includes 100+ species
• in intestinal tract of mammals

Question 19

Porins

Answer 19

Protein channels that form a pore

Question 20

Mycoplasma genus

Answer 20

entirely lack a cell wall

Question 21

L-form

Answer 21

desccribes bacteria that had a cell wall and lost it

Question 22

Passive transport

Answer 22

Transported w/out using energy

Question 23

Active transport

Answer 23

Transported w energy

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Passive movement from high to low concentration

Question 25

Concentration gradients

Answer 25

form when there's an unequal distribution of a dissolved substanc in environment

Question 26

Solutes

Answer 26

Dissolved substances

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

net movement of water across selective membrane/barrier (passive process)

Question 28

Hypertonic solution

Answer 28

More concentrated solute than cell

Question 29

Plasmolysis

Answer 29

splasma membrane shrinks away from cell wall as water is drawn out

Question 30

Halophiles

Answer 30

salt-loving prokaryotes

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

less concentrated solute than the cell

Question 32

Lyse

Answer 32

When cell eventually bursts (hypotonic)

Question 33

Isotonic

Answer 33

solute concentration = cell interior concentration

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

can move something along/against concentration gradient

Question 35

Coupled/co transport

Answer 35

cell moves one molecule across membrane by "hitching a ride" w energy created by another molecule moving at same time

Question 36

Symport

Answer 36

ions flow in same direction as target substance

Question 37

Antiport

Answer 37

move in opposite direction of target substance's movement

Question 38

Flagella are built primarily from a protein called...

Answer 38

flagellin

Question 39

Monotrichous

Answer 39

cells w single flagellum

Question 40

Lophotrichous

Answer 40

cells w tuft/cluster of flagella at one pole of cell

Question 41

Amphitrichous

Answer 41

when 1+ flagella are present at both poles of the cellPeritrichous

Question 42

Peritrichous

Answer 42

flagella are distributed all over cell surface

Question 43

Periplasmic flagella (2)

Answer 43

- found in periplasmic space of some Gram-neg bacteria - allow spirochetes to move like corskrews

Question 44

Fimbriae

Answer 44

Short, britle-like structures extruding from cell surface

Question 45

Pili

Answer 45

Similar to fimbriae except longer, more rigid, and less numerous

Question 46

Pili function

Answer 46

- adherence - movement - aid in gene transfer

Question 47

Glycocalyx

Answer 47

sticky, carb enriched layer around some prokaryotes' cell wall

Question 48

Slime layer

Answer 48

type of glycocalyx that's unorganized and loosely associated w a cell wall

Question 49

Capsule (2)

Answer 49

- type of glycocalyx that's well-organized and tightly associated w a cell wall - increases ability to cause disease

Question 50

Organisms that are adapted to survive in cold temperatures have a higher proportion of __________ in the lipid bilayer

Answer 50

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 51

Archaeal plasma membranes (3)

Answer 51

- made from long-branched fatty acids - can form monolayer membranes - fatty acids joined t glycerol via ether bond

Question 52

Archaeal cell walls tend to consist of one or more layers of ....

Answer 52

pseudopeptidoglycan

Question 53

A gram-positive cell wall has ... peptidoglycan layer

Answer 53

a thick

Question 54

What compound in a bacterial cell wall makes it acid-fast?

Answer 54

Mycolic acid

Question 55

Acid fast cells are ...

Answer 55

gram positive