how ARE the police effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
- They uphold law and order and keep the community safe. They are often the first point of contact.
- They have expertise in specialist divisions such as CID, anti-terrorism, drug, and traffic sections, +Specialist departments means effective policing as cases with specific elements will be better investigated and understood. They will be able to collect more substantial evidence which is more likely to stand up in court= more likely prosecution= more offenders in prison= reduction in criminality.
-2017 annual report of HM inspector of police shows 2/3 domestic abuse practitioners felt police approach improved
-Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs): deal with anti-social behaviour on the streets, They provide a visible and reassuring presence on the streetsMulti-agency approach: people working together in the community with schemes such as neighbourhood watch schemes reduces crime.
how ARENT the police effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
-ineffciency=crime is increasing but clear up rates falling 2015-18 15%-8.2% resulted in charge / dropped cases-2.6m more 2017 than 2016, screened off 1/3 cases reported / financial circumstances=less officers and budgets some things have to be priotiritsed over others
-accuracy of statistical evidence-suggests efficiency falling but could be due to improved recording procedures and there is counter evidence from the CSEW which shows crimes falling
-instituional racism=macpherson report 1999 into Stephen Lawrence showed institutional racism = concerns on unrepresented minority groups in recruitment, disproportionate use of stop/search/lasers=less trust hinders ability to investigate crimes
-police play to media reports/moral panics?- ‘crimebusters’ image-draws resources away from more serious crime
how ARE the CPS effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
-prepares/presents/convicts cases
-2018 prosecuted 80,000 cases in crown and 450,000 in magistrates
-84.1% defendants it prosecuted were convicted
-They bring an independent element to the charging and prosecution of offences, using the full code test to provide a uniform and fair approach
how ARENT the CPS effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
-media reports show bad performance eg guardian reported specialst rape prosecutors were advised to drop weak cases if there wasn’t realistic prospect of conviction=too focused on trial not justice?
-budget cuts = tech giving heavy workloads eg on one case took 600 hours to analyse content on a phone, harder to disclose evidence properly
-too bureaucratic, inefficient and slow=failiure to build cases quiclkly, getting proper evidence
how ARE the judiciary effective in achieving social control
- Through their role as prosecuting suspects they reinforce the norms and moral codes of our society by attaching a criminal label to behaviour. This possibility of prosecution also enables social order to be upheld as it instills a fear of punishment in individuals, deterring them from committing crimes
how ARENT the judiciary effective in achieving social control
-bias/out of touch=71%male, over1/2 over 50/only 5% minority backgrounds/74% higher education=class bias most currency today eg lavinia woodward suspended sentence after stabbing bf as it would run her medical career
- too lenient/harsh= unduly lenient sentences scheme 99/140 increased, unduly severe sentences eg 2011 riots received custodial sentences for minor theft
how ARE prisons effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
-aims to rehabilitate so they live crime free life after release
-protects the public by incapacitating offenders =security
-Fear of punishment for further offending or breach of prison rules inside prison – the power to punish acts as an individual and general deterrence to ensure compliance.
how ARENT prisons effective in achieving social control 3 reasons
CONTEXT staff cuts 2018-1/3 officers less than 2yrs experience =less control/ overcrowding-58% prisons overcrowded=discontent/rule breaking
-not addressing rehabilitation needs due to above reasons = drug epidemic eg spice which causes aggression/depression 2013-2018 117 deaths, outlawed in 2016 , prison ombudsman described drugs as ‘game changer’ for prison safety as well as drug testing programme not running effectively=undermines discipline
-safety dcreased=2018 8400 assaults on staff/22,000 assaults pn prisoners/5 homocides/2016 hmp birmingham worst riot
-recidivism=36% re offended
how effective is probation in achieving social control
-2014 part privatised, 21 CRCs set up=19 failed to meet targets, given extra £342mil, offenders housing needs not met/supervised by phone/inadquate protection for victims eg domestic abuse/bias from cons-they believe privatisation is more efficient and cost effective =2020 ended them
-national probation service=more successful=1/2 rate of reoffending than prisons but still shortage of officers/high workloads/shortage of places on programmes
how ARE charities and pressure groups effective in achieving social control
-strong commitment to one particular group/issue and specialist knowledge of peoples needs and motivated to go extra mile gov agencies won’t
^eg NACRO is a pressure group to end friday releases and its a charity which provides services for ex offenders eg provides accomidation for those released from prison
^Women in prison is a pressure group to reduce numbers of women in prison and presses gov to change policies eg community bases solutions to reduce re-offending > new women prisons (84% womens prisons are non-violent offences-should be last resort) and its a charity to support women in prison eg delivering CARE programme
how ARENT charities and pressure groups effective in achieving social control
-voluntary organisations=only exist when people are concerned eg more for victims>abusers
-media reporting=affects which charities are supported/domenoise of sympathise people
-funding=may be equally deserving of public funds but some are more supported
