3.6b

Question 1

What is cultural diffusion

Answer 1

Cultural change to dozens of places for thousands of years

Question 2

How is cultural diffusion achieved and given an example

Answer 2

• Sometimes achieved using coercion, using legal or even military tools.
• Languages, religions and customs were spread around the world using force by the Roman and the British Empires.

Question 3

What is cultural dilution

Answer 3

• Pushing out local industries
• Gradual disappearance of traditional artefacts / services / languages / mentefacts
• Can’t continue traditional practices (e.g. hunter-gathering)

Question 4

What is the role of globalisation in cultural dilution

Answer 4

TNCs
- Bring new products and services
- Bring new Western (cultural) ideas

Joining up of global production chains
- Environmental pollution / degradation
Loss of habitats

Question 5

How does cultural erosion occur

Answer 5

loss of language, traditional food, music, clothes and social relations

Question 6

How can cultural impact environment

Answer 6

Cultural erosion can result in changes to built and natural environment
- for example - de-valuing local and larger scale ecosystems

Question 7

define cultural erosion

Answer 7

The reduction of a culture due to globalisation

Question 8

How might the environment be disrupted

Answer 8

• Over exploitation of, e.g. logging silting up rivers.
• disruption of eco-system through mining/drilling activity, e.g. orangutans.
• conversion of land to farming for agribusiness, e.g. palm oil.
• economic pressure to gather resources, ‘green gold’.
• related need to earn foreign exchange, palm oil to Malaysia and Indonesia.
• improving technologies, making once remote resources more accessible, aluminum smelters, HEP dams.
• exploitation managed by transnational corporations (TNCs) who have powerful influence, Rio Tinto. Rio tinot extracted resources in PNG wiht employment of local people, increasing conflicts between local tribal groups
• exploitation managed from the urban core, e.g. Kuching.

Question 9

ref to page 82 for case study on papa new guinea

Answer 9

also check out attitudes to globalisation

Question 10

Who siad culutre is a society’s structure of feeling

Answer 10

Raymond Williams

Question 11

Which one of Papa new guinea’s animals are being hunted and therefore are under threat

Answer 11

tree kangaroo
- tribal groups in PNG huntng them as a source of food; don’t care about ecosystem as much as they did before on account of cultural erosion; they want income education and health improvments for their kids like everyone else

Question 12

How many different cultural groups are present in papa new guinea

Answer 12

7000

Question 13

What is the principle livestock in PNG

Answer 13

oceanic pig

Question 14

Who suppressed tribal warfare to allow freedom and the spread of christianity

Answer 14

missionaries

Question 15

Who controlled british new guinea in 1905

Answer 15

AUS

Question 16

Where was copper discovered

Answer 16

bougainville - profits benefitted all of PNG

Question 17

When did the gureilla operation start?

Answer 17

1998

Question 18

When was the conflict

Answer 18

1990s