3A

Question 1

What components is the science of tajweed made of and what do they mean?

Answer 1

1. Knowledge of makhaarij- exit points
2. Knowledge of the sifaat- qualities of the letters

Question 2

How do you differentiate between letters that have the same makhaarij?

Answer 2

Through knowing their sifaat

Question 3

What two general qualities do sifaat have and what do they entail?

Answer 3

Permanent qualities- sifaat al laazimah: to distinguish letters.

Temporary qualities: these are tajweed rules- they are presented in the letter due to some reason

Question 4

What are the subtypes of sifaat al laazimah (permanent qualities)?

Answer 4

Those with opposites and those without

Strong qualities and weak qualities

Question 5

How do sifaat al laazimah have strong and weak qualities?

Answer 5

The strong qualities rely strongly on the exit point

The weak qualities rely weakly on the exit point

Question 6

What are the sifaat al laazimah with opposites and which are the strong and weak?

Answer 6

First one mentioned is weaker

Al-Hams (voiceless) and Al-Jahr (voiced)

Al-Rikhaawah (softness/gentleness) and Ash-Shiddah (strength)

Al-Istifaal (depression/lowering) and Al-Isti’laaa’ (elevation/going up)

Al-Infitaah (opening) and Al-Itbaaq (adhesion/contact)

Al-Idhlaaq (fluency/speediness) and Al-Ismaat (hindrance/prohibition)

Question 7

What is between Al-Rikhaawah and Ash-Shiddah?

Answer 7

At-Tawassut (moderation/putting in the middle)

Question 8

Describe the quality of Al-Hams and how does it express itself?

Answer 8

It is a weak quality
Meaning a whisper/concealment, making voiceless letters

The vocal cords do not vibrate when the letter is articulated so breath from the lungs flow through

Question 9

How can you test for Al-Hams?

Answer 9

1. Palm test- pronounce the letter in sukoon, if you feel a lot of air it is Al-Hams
2. The strangling test- if you hold your throat and pronounce the letter, your throat should not vibrate with a voiceless letter
3. Whisper test- voiceless letters sound the same when they are whispered
4. The ear plug test- close your ears and pronounce the letter, voiceless letters will sound quiet

Question 10

Which are the letters with Al-Hams?

Answer 10

فحثہ شخص سکت

Question 11

Describe the quality of Al-Jahr and how does it express itself?

Answer 11

Means loudness and it is a voiced letter
A strong quality

The vocal cords vibrate and restrict the air flowing through

Question 12

Describe the quality of Al-Rikhaawah and how does it express itself?

Answer 12

Softness/gentleness
Means the continuation of sound upon pronunciation
Weak quality

The air continuously flows through the exit point for 2 counts

Question 13

Describe the quality of Ash-Shiddah and how does it express itself?

Answer 13

Means strength
It is the stoppage of sound upon pronunciation of the letter
A strong quality

The air arrives at the exit point and is unable to pass through so there is a sharp strong sound

If the stop letter is voiced it causes a bouncy sound
If the stop letter is voiceless then some air escapes after the tongue separates from the exit point

Question 14

Which letters have Ash-Shiddah?

Answer 14

ءجد قط بکت

Question 15

Describe the quality of At-Tawassut and how does it express itself?

Answer 15

Means moderation/putting into the middle
It is the partial stoppage of sound upon pronunciation. The air is unable to pass through the exit point so the air takes a diversion route so the sound is held for 1 count without bounce or air escaping out of the mouth

Question 16

Which letters have the quality of at tawassut?

Answer 16

لن عمر

Question 17

Describe the quality of Al-Istifaal and how does it express itself?

Answer 17

Weak quality
Means depression/lowering
The back of the tongue comes away from the soft palate upon pronouncing

Question 18

Describe the quality of Al-Isti’laaa’ and how does it express itself?

Answer 18

Strong quality
Means elevation/going up
Elevating the back of the tongue towards the soft palate upon pronunciation

Question 19

Which letters have the quality of Al-Isti’laaa’

Answer 19

خص ضغط قظ

Question 20

Describe the quality of Al-Infitaah and how does it express itself?

Answer 20

Weak quality
Means opening
To keep the tongue away from the upper palate upon pronunciation

Question 21

Describe the quality of Al-Itbaaq and how does it express itself?

Answer 21

Means adhesion/contact
Strong quality
The contact or adhesion of the tongue to the upper palate upon pronunciation

Question 22

Which letters have the quality of Al-Itbaaq?

Answer 22

ظ ط ص ض

Question 23

Describe the quality of Al-Idhlaaq and how does it express itself?

Answer 23

Weak quality
Means fluency, speediness/purity of language

To pronounce letter with fluency due to reliance on the tip of the tongue or the lips

Question 24

Which letters have quality of Al-Idhlaaq?

Answer 24

فر من لب

Question 25

Describe the quality of Al-Ismaat and how does it express itself?

Answer 25

Strong quality Means hindrance/prohibition To pronounce letters with slight hindrance due to strong reliance and stability on the makhraj

Question 26

What are the sifaat al laazimah without opposites?

Answer 26

Safeer (whistle) Qalqalah (bounce) Leen (softness) Inhiraaf (drifting/deviation) Takreer (frapping/repetition) Istitaalah (elongation) Tafashshi (to spread)

Question 27

Which of the sifaat al laazimah without opposites is strong and weak?

Answer 27

All are strong apart from leen which is a weak quality

Question 28

Describe the quality of Safeer and how does it express itself?

Answer 28

Means the whistle To emit a whistle sound upon pronunciation due to the sound being forced to travel through a tight passage The lower teeth and upper teeth should be aligned as well as possible and the tongue should not be forcibly compressed against the palate

Question 29

Which letters have the quality of Safeer and most to least?

Answer 29

س has the most ز ص has the least

Question 30

Describe the quality of Qalqalah and how does it express itself?

Answer 30

Means shaking/disturbance causing a bouncy/plosive sound To tap the organ of speech against the exit point and bounce without any extra movement from the jaws (i.e no vowels) Two qualities join to make Qalqalah - jahr and shiddah, this causes a disturbance at the exit point and the organ of articulation (i.e tongue or lips) separate from its point of contact to bounce

Question 31

Which letters have the quality of Qalqalah?

Answer 31

قطب جد

Question 32

What are the levels of qalqalah and why?

Answer 32

Weak- when the Qalqalah letter is in the middle/end of a word without stopping and is not vowelled Strong- when the Qalqalah letter has a sakin and is stopped on Strongest- when the Qalqalah letter has a shaddah and is stopped on

Question 33

Describe the quality of Leen and how does it express itself?

Answer 33

Means softness Articulate a letter with natural ease, requiring no effort from the tongue Known as diphthong where one vowel transitions into another smoothly

Question 34

Which letters have quality of Leen?

Answer 34

Yaa and waw saakin when there is a fathah before them

Question 35

Describe the quality of inhiraaf and how does it express itself?

Answer 35

Means drifting/deviation Air drifts to an alternative route upon reaching the exit point of the letter

Question 36

Which letters have the quality of inhiraaf?

Answer 36

ر and ل

Question 37

Describe the quality of takreer and how does it express itself?

Answer 37

Means frapping/repetition The repetition of the letter caused due to a tight exit point so that the letter is pronounced more than one time Air gathers tightly behind closed tongue and gums so the air pressure causes the tongue to roll off and come back to the exit point only to be pushed away again and again- to stop this roll, a small gap needs to be left so air can sleep through

Question 38

Which letter has the quality of takreer?

Answer 38

ر

Question 39

Describe the quality of tafashshi and how does it express itself?

Answer 39

To spread The spreading of air around the mouth until the palate of the upper front teeth

Question 40

Which letter has the quality of tafashshi and why?

Answer 40

ش It is a voiceless, continuous sound, with no elevation of the back or middle of the tongue so air can freely spread around the mouth

Question 41

Describe the quality of istitaalah and how does it express itself?

Answer 41

Elongation The tongue and sound is pushed forward from its exit point until the end of the exit point

Question 42

Which letter has the quality of istitaalah?

Answer 42

ض