3D Echo

Question 1

what are the benefits of 3D echo ?

Answer 1

• improved accuracy and reproducibility
• ore rapid image acquisition times
• less operator dependent, more accurate quantification of cardiac dimensions and volumes
• beneficial for stress echo
• better at RV volume

*Note:

downside; large 3D data sets reduce image detail or spatial

Question 2

the greater the number of 2D images utilized to reconstruct the 3D image, the better the 3D quality. However, the greater the number of 2D images utilized, the greater the risk of __________.

Answer 2

motion artifacts

Question 3

TDR type:

_______ TDR has a spatial locator that translates 3D spatial into a artesian coordinate system.

Answer 3

freehand scanning

Question 4

______ TDR sequentially records images a predefined intervals.

Answer 4

mechanically driven

Question 5

_______ obtain images at defined interval angles around a fixed axis (images are gated to patient’s EKG and respiration).

Answer 5

TEE and TTE multiprobe

Question 6

3D artifacts:

what is stitching artifacts ?

Answer 6

volume-rendered image displayed with respiratory gating artifacts causing misalignment of the structure.

Question 7

what is RT3D ?

Answer 7

• 4D (real time)
• developed by Ramm and colleagues at Duke in 1990
• matrix array TDR technology
• improved resoluton
• greater sensitivity and penetration
• harmonic capabilities both gray scale/contrast
• capable of displaying

Question 8

current RT3D system offer _______

Answer 8

improved side lobe supression

Question 9

RT3D depicts real-time cardiac motion because of its ability to acquire volumetric data at adequate frame rates. T or F ?

Answer 9

T

Question 10

improvements in the RT3D transducer include _______

Answer 10

harmonic capabilities used for both gray scale and contrast imaging

Question 11

RT3D is capable for displaying online 3D collumn-rendered images or 2-to-3 simultaneous orthogonal 2D imaging planes. T or F ?

Answer 11

T

Question 12

RT3D image acquisition depends on the structures to be examined; which statement is true ?

1. narrow angle is used for valves
2. wide angle is used for the calves
3. zoom displays larger, magnified data at a lower resolution
4. all of the above

Answer 12

q