4.2.1

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

Variety of living organisms in n area

Question 2

What does good biodiversity maintain?

Answer 2

Balanced ecosystems, all interconnected

Question 3

Give 3 examples of Habitat biodiversity

Answer 3

e.g. Sand, dunes, woodlands, steams in an area

Question 4

What is habitat biodiversity?

Answer 4

N of habitats found in a an area

Question 5

What is species diviersity?

Answer 5

*N of different species, and individuals within each species in a community

Question 6

What is species richness?

Answer 6

n of different species in a particular area

Question 7

What is species eveness

Answer 7

Comparison of n of individuals of each species living in a community

Question 8

What is genetic biodiversity

Answer 8

Variety of genes amongst all individuals in a population for one species
- high = better adapted to change

Question 9

What is sampling?

Answer 9

*Measurement of a limited number of individual organisms in a particular area
-For Abundance/ characteristic estimations in population

Question 10

What makes sampling relaible?

Answer 10

*Large samples, more representative
*Random, removed bias

Question 11

When is a sample not representative?

Answer 11

*Non-random, bias
*Random, by chance not representative
*Small sample size

Question 12

What is random sampling and how is it done

Answer 12

Selecting individuals by chance, equal selection likelihood
-Mark out grid on grass, random n generator for x, y coordinates

Question 13

What are the 3 types of non-random sample

Answer 13

*Optimistic
*Stratified
*Systematic

Question 14

Describe non-random opportunistic sampling

Answer 14

Uses organism conveniently available. Weakest, bias

Question 15

Describe non-random stratified sampling

Answer 15

Populations divided to subgroups (stata) them samples from each strata

Question 16

Describe non-random systematic sampling

Answer 16

Identifying different areas within a habitat to sample.
-Used when determining change of conditions on species. Usually belt/line transect

Question 17

List Animal sampling techniques

Answer 17

*Pooter
*Sweep nets
*Pitfall traps
*Kick sampling
*Tree beating
*Capture mark recapture

Question 18

Describe the Animal sampling technique- Pooter

Answer 18

Catch small insects. Sucking mouth piece draws in chamber (Incelet tubes) filter stops going to mouth

Question 19

Describe the Animal sampling technique- Sweep nets

Answer 19

Catch small insects in areas of long grass

Question 20

Describe the Animal sampling technique- Pitfall traps

Answer 20

Catch small, crawling. Hole dug deep( no crawling out) root= no rain.
Left over night for nocturnal

Question 21

Describe the Animal sampling technique- Kick sampling

Answer 21

*Riverbed kicked, disturbs. Net downstream to catch

Question 22

Describe the plant sampling techqiues.

Answer 22

*Point quadrat- Frame, horizontal bar. At set internals long pins pushed through. Any species touching recorded
*Frame quadrat- Square frame, known size

Question 23

What are frame quadrate uses?

Answer 23

*Density- Counting individuals present
*Frequency- Gridded frame, count how many squares (/100) species present in. 25/100 = 25%
*Percentage cover- Estimate total % covered. Quick, but subjective ↓accuracy

Question 24

How do you measure species richness and eveness?

Answer 24

R- Sampling techniques used, estimate total n of diff species
-correctly identified with questions/ pictures
E- For identified, n of each recored

Question 25

What factors effect biodivisty?

Answer 25

*Human popuation *Agriculture *Climate change

Question 26

How does human population affect biodiversity

Answer 26

*Need for more housing, farming, resources ↑ deforestation, ↓ pant species - habitats destroyed ↓ animal species - If specific tree, ↓ diversity

Question 27

How does agriculture affect biodiversity

Answer 27

*Land cleared ↓ habitats *Monoculture ↓ n of species supported *Pesticides and herbicides- reduce pest, weed species. could be food source

Question 28

How does climate change affect biodiversity

Answer 28

* CO2 ↑℃, drier and hotter animals not adapted die. * Ice caps melt = ↑ sea levels ↓ biodiversity from flooding and loss of ice