A. CONCAVE
Farther than the Center of Curvature
Between C and F
inverted
reduced
real
A. CONCAVE
At the Center of Curvature
At C
inverted
same
real
A. Concave
Between the Center of Curvature and the Focal point
Beyond C
inverted
enlarged
real
A. Concave
At the Focal point
No image formed
A. Concave
Between the Focal point and the Center of the lens (Vertex)
Behind the Mirror
Upright
Enlarged
Virtual
B. CONVEX
All locations
Between F and V
Upright
reduced
virtual
A ray of light parallel to the principal axis is reflected passing through the principal focus, F.
P-F ray
A ray of light passing through the focus, F is reflected parallel to the principal axis.
F-P Ray
A ray of light passing through (towards) the center of curvature, C reflects back along its own path.
C-C ray
A ray of light directed to the vertex reflects at equal angle from the principal axis
V ray
di=
dof/do-f
do=
dif/di-f
f=
dido/di+do
hi=
M’ho
M’=
-di/do
f + -
concave, convex
di + -
real and besides the mirror
virtual and behind the mirror
hi + -
upright
inverted
M’
>1
<1
=1
enlarged
reduced
same
provides an image of an object that is bigger than that seen by the naked eye.
Magnifying Glass
uses two converging lenses with short focal lengths. The objective lens forms a real and enlarged inverted image. The eyepiece, on the other hand, forms a further enlarged, erect, but virtual final image.
compund microscope
allows us to see distant objects. It contains two converging lenses, namely, the objective and the eyepiece. The objective lens forms a real image of a very distant object within the focus of the eyepiece lens.
telescope
box-like device used for taking pictures. It uses a lens that produces a real image on photographic film. It is similar to the eye.
camera
consist of a pair of telescopes mounted together, each having an objective lens and an eyepiece.
binoculars