4th Summative Test

Question 1

Process of making proteins

Answer 1

Protein Synthesis

Question 2

1. Building bones and body tissues
2. metabolic reactions
3. Immune response
4. Cellular repair
5. Form Blood Cells

Answer 2

Importance of Proteins in Human Body

Question 3

9 Essential Amino Acids

Answer 3

Histidine
Isoleucine
Lysine
Leucine
Methionine

Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 4

2 Phases of Protein Synthesis

Answer 4

Transcription and Translation

Question 5

2 Phases of Protein Synthesis

process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecules of the messager RNA (mRNA)

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

2 Phases of Protein Synthesis

process of translating the sequence of an mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis

Answer 6

Translation

Question 7

Where and When does Transcription and Translation procesd Go

Answer 7

Where: Cytoplasm
When: Synthesis

Question 9

the point of origin, dictates the binding of RNA Polymerase II to the DNA

Answer 9

promoter

Question 10

Steps in Transcription Process
RNA polymerase enzyme binds to and opens the DNA molecule will be transcribed

Answer 10

Initiation

Question 11

Steps in Transcription Process
As the DNA molecule opens, the RNA polymerase slides along the the DNA strand and links free RNA nucleotides that pair with the nitrogenous bases of the complementary DNA strand

Answer 11

Elongation

Question 12

Steps in Transcription Process

When the base pairing process is completed, the RNA molecule breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The RanA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Termination

Question 13

bring the information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer 13

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 14

holds tightly to the mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids

Answer 14

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 15

a type of RNA that attaches the correct amini acid to the orotein chain that is being synthesized in the ribosome

Answer 15

Transer RNA (tRNA)

Question 16

each set of 3 nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or start or stop signal

Answer 16

Codon

Question 17

the complement of the mRNA triplet code in the tRNA

Answer 17

Anticodon

Question 18

a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming the fundamental structure of proteins

Answer 18

Polypeptide Chaim

Question 19

Steps in Translation Process
As translation begins, mRNA binds to a ribosome. Then, tRNA molecules, each carrying specific amino acid, approach the ribosome, the tRNA anticodon pairs with the first mRNA (start) codin (AUG) to form the initiation complex. The 2 molecules temporarily join together

Answer 19

Initiation

Question 20

Steps in Translation Process
A new tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid pair with the second mRNA codon. When the 1st and 2nd amini acids are in place, an enzyme joins them by forming a peptide bond between them

Answer 20

Elongation

Question 21

Steps in Translation Process
A chain of amino acids is formed until the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA,UAG,UGA) on the mRNA strand. The polypeptide chain is released

Answer 21

Termination

Question 22

1. Transcription
2. mRNA links to the ribosome
3. tRNA-amino acid units link to mRNA
4. An Amino acid is separated from tRNA
5. Polypeptide chain is assembled
6. Stop codon encountered kn mRNA

Answer 22

Summary of Protein Synthesis

Question 23

cytoplasm are in the

Answer 23

ribosome

Question 24

3 Site

Answer 24

P-Site (Peptidyl site)
A-Site (Aminoacyl site)
E-Site (Exit Site)