tRNA
- Binds to amino acid at 3’ end and has CCA at each 3’ end that binds AA
- Reads complementary to mRNA
Amino-acyl tRNA synthestase
- Is necessary for the correct AA pairing with the right tRNA
- Uses ATP to form bond between tRNA and AA, this energy is what is used to catalyze peptide bond formation
- Aminoacyl tRNA is charged and can bind A site (inhibited by tetracyclines)
Initition
Requires intiating factors to bind ribosome and hold structure
-Once mRNA is bound then initation factors fall off
Elongation
- aminoacyl tRNA binds to A site on 30s, bond is catalyzed in P site and moves off in E site
- GTP is used for the translocation step
Termination
Poly A tail is necessary for termination,
Stop codons UAA, UGA,UAG
Antibiotics
- Aminoglycosides bind 30S and cause misreading at initiation
- Macrolides bind 50S and prevent leaving of tRNA
- Chloramphenicol blocks transpeptidation
RER
- N linked sugar added
- Also site of collagen hydroxylation
- Enriched in mucus cells and plasma cells
Golgi
-N linked sugars and modification of O linked
-Attachement of M6P and other signals
-Clathrin is from cell surface, COPI is in and COPII is out
-
I cell diesease
- Golgi can’t add M6P and so can’t send lyosomal enzymes to lysosome
- Increased enzymes in blood, cluding of corneas, joint immobility,
Angelmanns Symdrome
- inaproporiate laaughter, imprinting of fathers leading to only expression of mothers
- Happy demeanor, siezures, retardation
- Protein is an E3 ligase
VHL
- Vascular tumors and siezures
- mutation is E3 ligase
Microtubule Drugs
Vincristine, Blastine, mebednazole, griseofulvin all destabalize
-Paclitaxel stabalizes in locked position
Vimentin
Connective Tissue
Keratin
Epithelium
Karterengers
- Ciliary dyskinesia
- Sinus infections, bronchiectasis, decreased female fertility and absent male fertility
- Dynein mutation
- Dextrocardia
Chediak Higashi
LYST mutatin which is normally requred for MT trafficking and endosomal sorting, leads to
-Immunodeficeny, albinism, and neuropathy
