5- syncope

Question 1

how often can cause be determined

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

what is best tool

Answer 2

ECG

Question 3

2 main causes of syncope

Answer 3

CV and non-CV

Question 4

CV causes

Answer 4

• V tach
• MI
• sick sinus
• pacemaker haywire
• aortic stenosis
• carotic sinus syncope
• PE
• SVT
• heart block

Question 5

non CV causes

Answer 5

• situational - reflex generated
• orthostatic
• vasovagal

Question 6

what is prognosis for syncope

Answer 6

CV - not great
non -CV - okay
unknown - good

Question 7

most important part of Hx

Answer 7

duration of the warning period

Question 8

4 parts of Phx

Answer 8

1. ortho BP
2. CVS exam
3. CNS exam
4. stool for OB

Question 9

4 predictors of bad outcome

Answer 9

1. abnormal ECG
2. trauma
3. absence of sense of impending syncope
4. male

Question 10

2 main investigations

Answer 10

ECG

ECG monitoring

Question 11

5 ECG signs to look for

Answer 11

1. arrhythmias
2. heart block
3. interval abnormalities
4. PE finsings
5. ST changes (ischemia)

Question 12

5 predictors of serious outcomes

Answer 12

1. CHF Hx
2. low hematocrit
3. abnormal ECG
4. dyspnea
5. S BP

Question 13

4 causes of sudden death in athletes

Answer 13

1. hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
2. congential anomalies
3. arrythmis - long QT
4. chest blow