Migration
- The movement of people across a specified boundary, national or international
- the United Nations defines permanent as a change of residence lasting more than one year
Internal migration
Movement of people within the frontiers of one country
International migration
Movement of people across international boundaries
Immigration
The ‘permanent’ movement of people into a particular country from one or a number of countries
Emigration
The ‘permanent’ movement of people out of a country to one or a number of other countries
In-migration
Regional movement of people within country towards a particular destination
Out-migration
Regional movement within a country away from a particular destination
Net migration
- the number of migrants entering a region or country minus the number of migrants who leave the same region or country
- the balance may be positive or negative
Origin
The country or region from which a migrant begins
Destination
The country or region where a migration is completed
Migration stream
Formed by migrants sharing a common origin and destination
Counterstream
- reverse flow of migration stream
- at a lower volume + is usually the result of some migrants being dissatisfied with their destination + deciding to return home
Push factors
Negative conditions at the point of origin that encourage or force people to move
Pull factors
Positive conditions at the point of destination that encourage people to move
Chain migration
Process that occurs when, after one or a small number of pioneering migrants have led the way, other from the same rural community follow
Relay migration
Occurs when, at different stages in a family’s life cycle, different people take responsibility for migration in order to improve the financial position of the family
Stepped migration
- when the rural migrant initially heads for a familiar small town and then, after a period of time, moves onto a larger urban settlement
- over many years the migrant may take a number of steps up the urban hierarchy
Urban hierarchy
Ranking of urban settlements from the smallest to the largest
Voluntary migration
When the individual or household has a free choice about whether or not to move
Forced migration
When the individual or household has little or no choice but to move
