5.3 - Cyber Security

Question 1

What are brute force attacks? [3]

Answer 1

• type of cyber security attack
• tries to guess a password or encryption key
• does this by trying every possible combination of characters

Question 2

What is data interception? [3]

Answer 2

• type of cyber security attack
• steals data as it’s being transmitted between 2 computers
• uses packet sniffing

Question 3

What is packet sniffing? [3]

Answer 3

• cybercriminals examine data packets being sent over a network using this
• it find the contents of the data packet
• it is then sent back to the cybercriminal

Question 4

What are DDOS attacks? [3]

Answer 4

• type of cyber security attack
• floods websites and servers with internet traffic
• this prevents users from accessing online services and sites

Question 5

What is botnet? [2]

Answer 5

network of compromised computers controlled by hacker

Question 6

What is hacking? [3]

Answer 6

• type of cyber security attack
• they get illegal access to computer system
• without the user’s permission

Question 7

What is ethical hacking? [3]

Answer 7

• legal hacking
• used to fix flaws of computer systems and networks
• gains access to them

Question 8

What does DDOS stand for? [4]

Answer 8

Distributed Denial of Service

Question 9

What is malware? [3]

Answer 9

• programs installed on a user’s computer
• aims to delete, corrupt, or manipulate data illegally

Question 10

What are the 6 types of malware? [6]

Answer 10

• virus
• worms
• trojan horse
• spyware
• adware
• ransomware

Question 11

What is a virus? [3]

Answer 11

• programs copy themselves
• causes computer to malfunction
• requires an active host in the computer before causing damage

Question 12

What is a worm? [3]

Answer 12

• stand alone malware
• can corrupt whole networks
• doesn’t need an active host

Question 13

What do worms come as? [1]

Answer 13

message attachments

Question 14

What is a trojan horse? [3]

Answer 14

• program disguised as legitimate
• has to be executed by user
• after installing it = access to user’s personal information

Question 15

What does a trojan horse come as? [1]

Answer 15

email

Question 16

What is spyware? [3]

Answer 16

• software that monitors user’s activities on computer
• gathers unformation
• sends back to cybercriminal

Question 17

What is adware? [3]

Answer 17

• floods device with unwanted ads
• some could be safe
• some might steal your data

Question 18

What is ransomware? [3]

Answer 18

• holds PC hostage
• demands money
• demands payment for the release of your data files

Question 19

What is phishing? [3]

Answer 19

• gets you to click on harmful links via email, texts and phone calls
• links lead to fake websites that look real
• login credentials = hacker steals it

Question 20

What does phishing use? [3]

Answer 20

• emails
• texts
• phone calls

Question 21

What do phishing sources often be like? [3]

Answer 21

• appear to be from a trusted source
• create a sense of urgency
• contain grammatical errors or typos

Question 22

What is pharming? [3]

Answer 22

• changes your computer’s settings
• changes DNS system
• makes it so that it automatically redirects you to a harmful site

Question 23

How can pharming occur? [2]

Answer 23

• infecting your computer with malware
• by compromising a DNS server

Question 24

What is social engineering? [2]

Answer 24

• psychological manipulation
• tricks you into revealing information or taking actions you wouldn’t usually take

Question 25

What do social engineers use? [3]

Answer 25

- impersonation - urgency and fear - scarcity and opportunity

Question 26

What are access levels? [3]

Answer 26

- different levels of access in a computer system - which gives a hierarchy of access levels - which depends on the user's level of security

Question 27

What are the two types of anti-malware? [2]

Answer 27

- anti-virus - anti-spyware

Question 27

What is anti-malware? [1]

Answer 27

- can detect and remove malware

Question 28

What is anti-virus? [2]

Answer 28

- constantly checks for virus attacks - checks computer before it runs/loads

Question 29

What is anti-spyware? [2]

Answer 29

- software that detects and removes spyware programs - which are illegally installed on a computer system

Question 30

What is authentication? [2]

Answer 30

- the ability of a user to prove who they are

Question 31

What are the 3 common factors of authentication? [3]

Answer 31

- something you know (PIN code) - something you have (mobile phone) - something which is unique to you (biometrics)

Question 32

What are biometrics? [2]

Answer 32

- type of authentication - uses unique human characteristics

Question 33

What are examples of biometrics? [4]

Answer 33

- fingerprint scans - retina scans - face recognition - voice recognition

Question 34

What is two-step verification? [2]

Answer 34

- extra layer of security - by requiring a second form of verification

Question 35

What are automatic software updates? [2]

Answer 35

- softwares on computers and mobile phones are kept up to date - done overnight sometimes

Question 36

What are firewalls? [3]

Answer 36

- software or hardware - sits between computer and external network - monitors and filters all incoming and outgoing traffic

Question 37

What are privacy settings? [1]

Answer 37

- allows users to control who see theirs information

Question 38

What are proxy servers? [2]

Answer 38

- adds a layer of security and privacy - companies use them to control and ease the flow of internet traffic

Question 39

What is SSL? [2]

Answer 39

- encrypts data between user and server - having an SSL certificate authenticates that the data exchange is secure

Question 40

What does SSL stand for? [3]

Answer 40

Secure Socket Layer

Question 41

If it has HTTPS in its web address, what does it mean? [1]

Answer 41

The site has an SSL certificate and is therefore secured