6.3 - Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Question 1

What is AI? [2]

Answer 1

A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviours by computers

Question 2

What are the characteristics of AI? [3]

Answer 2

• collection of rules and data
• ability to reason
• ability to learn and adapt

Question 3

What are the 3 categories AI can be split into? [3]

Answer 3

• narrow AI
• general AI
• strong AI

Question 4

What is narrow AI? [2]

Answer 4

occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human when doing ONE specific task

Question 5

What is general AI? [2]

Answer 5

occurs when a machine is similar in its performance to a human doing a specific task

Question 6

What is a strong AI? [2]

Answer 6

occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human in many tasks

Question 7

What are examples of narrow AI? [2]

Answer 7

• facial recognition systems
• chatbots

Question 8

What are examples of general AI? [2]

Answer 8

• doesn’t exist right now
  hypothetically: writing an article or learning a new language

Question 9

What are examples of strong AI? [2]

Answer 9

• doesn’t exist right now
• from scientific discovery to social manipulation

Question 10

What are the two types of AI systems? [2]

Answer 10

• expert system
• machine learning

Question 11

What is an expert system? [2]

Answer 11

a computer system that mimics the decision-making ability of a human

Question 12

What is machine learning? [2]

Answer 12

a subset of AI which uses data to enable machines to be trained and to learn from past experiences

Question 13

Where are expert systems used? Give examples. [4]

Answer 13

• oil and mineral prospecting
• strategy games like chess
• tax and financial calculations
• logistics

Question 14

What are the advantages of using an expert system? [5]

Answer 14

• high level of expertise
• high accuracy and consistent results
• fast response times
• unbiased reporting of facts
• ability to store many ideas and facts

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of using an expert system? [3]

Answer 15

• users need considerable training
• setup + maintenance costs are high
• users assume that they are incapable of making mistakes

Question 16

What is a user interface? [2]

Answer 16

• how the expert system interacts with the user
• happens through dialogue boxes or command prompts, etc

Question 17

What is an inference engine? [4]

Answer 17

• main processing element of expert system
• examines knowledge base for information matching the queries
• responsible for getting the information from the user
• uses inference rules and rules base

Question 18

What is a knowledge base? [2]

Answer 18

• collection of facts
• collection of objects and their attributes

Question 19

What is a rules base? [2]

Answer 19

• set of inference rules
• inference rules are used by inference engine to draw a conclusion
• follows logical thinking

Question 20

What is an explanation system? [2]

Answer 20

• informs user how the expert system arrived at its conclusions

Question 21

What is the aim of machine learning? [2]

Answer 21

make machines that learn through data acquisition, so that they can solve new problems

Question 22

What is the aim of AI? [2]

Answer 22

build machines that are capable of thinking like humans