5.4 Wireless Networking Types

Question 1

Access Points (AP)

Answer 1

• IEEE 802.11 standards
• BSSID - MAC of AP

Question 2

802.11 standards

Answer 2

• Specifications developed by IEEE for wireless networking over microwave radio transmission in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands. The Wi-Fi standards brand has six main iterations: a, b, g, Wi-Fi 4 (n), Wi-Fi 5 (ac), and Wi-Fi 6 (ax). These specify different modulation techniques, supported distances, and data rates, plus special features, such as channel bonding, MIMO, and MU-MIMO.
• Wi-Fi

Question 3

access points

Answer 3

• A device that provides a connection between wireless devices and can connect to wired networks, implementing an infrastructure mode WLAN.

Question 4

Basic service set ID (BSSID

Answer 4

• In 802.11 documentation, this is referred to as an infrastructure “Basic Service Set” (BSS). The MAC address of the AP’s radio is used as the BSSID
• MAC address of an access point supporting a basic service area.

Question 5

frequency band

Answer 5

Portion of the microwave radio-frequency spectrum in which wireless products operate, such as 2.4 GHz band or 5 GHz band. Also called frequencies.

Question 6

Frequency 2.4 GHz

Answer 6

• The 2.4 GHz standard is better at propagating through solid surfaces, giving it the longest signal range. However, the 2.4 GHz band does not support a high number of individual channels and is often congested with other Wi-Fi networks and even other types of wireless technology, such as Bluetooth®. Also, microwave ovens work at frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band. Consequently, with the 2.4 GHz band, there is increased risk of interference, and the maximum achievable data rates are typically lower than with 5 GHz.

Question 7

Frequency 5 GHz

Answer 7

• The 5 GHz standard is less effective at penetrating solid surfaces, and so does not support the maximum ranges achieved with 2.4 GHz standards, but the band supports more individual channels and suffers less from congestion and interference, meaning it supports higher data rates at shorter ranges.

Question 8

frequency 6 GHz

Answer 8

The 6 GHz standard is the latest wireless band that can be used by wireless networks. This standard is even less effective at penetrating solid surfaces than the 5 GHz band, so therefore does not achieve the longer ranges of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. However, it is much faster than both of the other bands. Since this is a newer band, there is typically less congestion, which results in a more stable and reliable connection.

Question 9

dynamic frequency selection

Answer 9

Regulatory feature of wireless access points that prevents use of certain 5 GHz channels when in range of a facility that uses radar.

Question 10

IEEE 802.11a

Answer 10

• 5 GHz
• 54 Mbps
• DFS

Question 11

IEEE 802.11b/g

Answer 11

• 2.4 GHz frequeny
• Modulation - DSSS ans OFDM
• 11/54 Mbps

Question 12

802.11b

Answer 12

802.11b uses the Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation technique. DSSS spreads the signal across a wider channel (22 MHz) to improve resistance to interference.

Question 13

802.11g

Answer 13

802.11g uses the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique. OFDM is more efficient, which allows more data to be sent across a smaller channel (20 MHz).

Question 14

802.11n

Answer 14

2.4/5 GHz dual band
channel bonding
MIMO 600 Mbps
Wi-Fi 4

Question 15

channel bonding

Answer 15

Capability to aggregate one or more adjacent wireless channels to increase bandwidth.

Question 16

MIMO stand for

Answer 16

multiple input multiple output

Question 17

MIMO

Answer 17

Use of multiple reception and transmission antennas to boost wireless bandwidth via spatial multiplexing and to boost range and signal reliability via spatial diversity.

Question 18

Wi-Fi 5/ 802.11ac - 5GHz only

Answer 18

MU-MIMO
dual and triple band - backward compatibility with 2.4GHz systems
2.1+ Gbps

Question 19

MU-MIMO stand for

Answer 19

Multisure MIMO

Question 20

MU-MIMO

Answer 20

Use of spatial multiplexing to allow a wireless access point to support multiple client stations simultaneously.

Question 21

Wi-Fi 6 802.11ax- 2.4/5/6GHz(6e)

Answer 21

OFDMA modulation
MU-MIMO
1.1 Gbps 2.4GHz; 4.8 Gbps 5GHz

Question 22

OFMDA stand for

Answer 22

orthogonal frequency division multiple access

Question 23

OFDMA

Answer 23

Feature of Wi-Fi 6 allowing an access point to serve multiple client stations simultaneously.

Question 24

Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be)

Answer 24

2.4/5/6 GHz
46 Gbps

Question 25

Wireless LAN Installation Considerations

Answer 25

- SSID - Frequency band - Channels

Question 26

What does SSID stand for

Answer 26

Service set identifier

Question 27

SSID

Answer 27

A character string that identifies a particular wireless LAN (WLAN).

Question 28

Wi-Fi Analyzers

Answer 28

- Signal strength - interference

Question 29

Wi-Fi analyzer def

Answer 29

- Device or software that can report characteristics of a WLAN, such as signal strength and channel utilization.

Question 30

decibel

Answer 30

- Unit for representing the power of network signaling.

Question 31

signal-to-noise ratio

Answer 31

- Measurement of a wireless signal level in relation to any background noise.

Question 32

Noise is measured

Answer 32

in dBm

Question 33

Long-Range Fixed Wireless

Answer 33

- Licensed vs. unlicensed - High-powered antenna

Question 34

Long-range fixed wireless def

Answer 34

Ground-based microwave transmission that supports long distances over precisely aligned directional antennas. These products can either make privileged use of licensed frequency bands or use public unlicensed radio-frequency spectrum.

Question 35

Licensed

Answer 35

Licensed means that the network operator purchases the exclusive right to use a frequency band within a given geographical area from the regulator.

Question 36

The US regulator

Answer 36

- Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Question 37

Unlicensed

Answer 37

Unlicensed spectrum means the operator uses a public frequency band, such as 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5 GHz.

Question 38

a wireless signals power have three main compents

Answer 38

transmit antenna gain EIRP

Question 39

Transmit

Answer 39

Transmit power is the basic strength of the radio, measured in dBm.

Question 40

Antenna gain

Answer 40

Antenna gain is the amount that a signal is boosted by directionality - focusing the signal in a single direction rather than spreading it over a wide area. Gain is measured in decibels per isotropic.

Question 41

decibels per isotropic

Answer 41

Unit for representing the increase in power gained by the directional design of a wireless antenna.

Question 42

EIRP

Answer 42

Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is the sum of transmit power and gain, expressed in dBm. - Signal strength from a transmitter, measured as the sum of transmit power, antenna cable/connector loss, and antenna gain.

Question 43

Bluetooth

Answer 43

- Short-range, wireless radio-network-transmission medium normally used to connect two personal devices, such as a mobile phone and a wireless headset. - Bluetooth is used to connect peripheral devices to PCs and mobiles and to share data between two systems.

Question 44

RFID stand for

Answer 44

- Radio Frequency ID

Question 45

RFID

Answer 45

- A means of encoding information into passive tags, which can be energized and read by radio waves from a reader device. - Radio Frequency ID is a means of identifying and tracking objects using specially encoded tags. When an RFID reader scans a tag, the tag responds with the information programmed into it.

Question 46

Near Field Communications

Answer 46

- A standard for two-way radio communications over very short (around four inches) distances, facilitating contactless payment and similar technologies. NFC is based on RFID. - Near Field Communication is a peer-to-peer version of RFID. In other words, an NFC device can work as both tag and reader to exchange information with other NFC devices.