6

Question 1

In eukaryotes, gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, which scenaruo best explains how chromatin remodeling affects gene expression

Answer 1

Histone acetylization loosens chromatin structure, increasing transcription

Question 2

If a lac operon is mutated so that the repressor cannot bind the operator, what would be the effect on gene expression in the absence of lactose

Answer 2

Continuous expression if lactose gene

Question 3

Evaluate the impact of a mutation that prevents cAMP from binding CAP in E colo funder low glucose , what is the most likely outcome

Answer 3

Reduced transcription of alternative sugar operons

Question 4

Analyze how mutations i. The TATA box of a eukaryotic promoter would affect transcription levels

Answer 4

Reproduction or loss of transcription inititation

Question 5

Given data showing increased transcription but decreased protein levels for a gene. Which post transcriptional regulation mode is responsible

Answer 5

MicroRNA mediated mRNA degradation

Question 6

Evaluate the consequence of a mutation preventing pokydenylation addition of the pair A tail or an mRNA transcript

Answer 6

The mRNA is less stable and translated less efficiently

Question 7

Which event illustrates alternative splicing ‘s role in increasing protoeomic diversity

Answer 7

Different mature mRNA are produced from one pre mRNA by exon inclusion/exclusion

Question 8

Analyze how ubiquitination affects protein levels in the cell

Answer 8

Tags proteins for degradation in the protasome

Question 9

You observe a cell that progresses through mitosis despite DNA damage. Which gene is most likely mutated or inactive.

Answer 9

P53

Question 10

You fund a bacterial operon where transcription increases in presence of an inducer. Which operon type best benefits thid

Answer 10

Inducible operon

Question 11

A gene therapy technique used viral vectors to insert a functional gene into a patients genome what is a key risk.

Answer 11

Random insertion disrupting other genes causing oncogene activation

Question 12

Which level of gene regulation in eykaryotes involves chromatin remodeling and dna methylation

Answer 12

Epigenic

Question 13

Which molecule binds to the operator region if an operon yo block transcriotion in prokaryotes

Answer 13

Repressor

Question 14

In the lac operon, what role does allolactose play

Answer 14

Inducer

Question 15

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic gene expression

Answer 15

Transcription and translation are simultaneous

Question 16

What wiuld happen if the repressor of the trp operon could not bind tryptophan

Answer 16

The operon is would always be on

Question 17

Which of the following is a positive regulator of transcription in prokaryotes

Answer 17

CAP

Question 18

A scientist observes that liver cells and muscle cells from the same person gave identical DNA but express very different proteins. Which mechanism explains this

Answer 18

Different gene expression

Question 19

When glucose levels drop E coli increases trabsfription if alrernative sugar operons. Which molecule directly triggers this regulatory response

Answer 19

cAMP- CAP complex

Question 20

In a diagram of the lac operon, the repressor protein is bound to yhe operator region. Which condition must be true

Answer 20

Lactose is absent

Question 21

A researcher identifies a DNA sequence that enhances transcription even when located thousands of nucleotides away. What iz this region called

Answer 21

Enhancer

Question 22

If a micro RNA binds to an mRNA transcript, what will most likely occur

Answer 22

mRNA is degraded or translation is inhibited

Question 23

Which experiment best tests the role of RNA binding proteins in gene regulation

Answer 23

Compare mENA stability with and without the binding proteins

Question 24

In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are seperated primarily based on their,

Answer 24

Size and charge

Question 25

In PCR amplification, what is the role of the primers

Answer 25

They provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to extend the DNA strands

Question 26

During southern blotting. What is transferred from the gel to the nylon membrane

Answer 26

DNA fragments for hybridization with probes

Question 27

Why is blue white screening used in molecular cloning

Answer 27

to distinguish bacteria with recombinant plasmids from those without baded on lacZ gene disruption

Question 28

Which enzyme is used to cur DNA at specific sequences to create recombinat DNA molecules

Answer 28

Restriction endonycleases

Question 29

Evaluate the advantage of usung RT-PCR over PCR

Answer 29

PT-PCR allows amplification of RNA sequences by converting them to DNA first

Question 30

What is the main difference between reproductive cloning and cellular cloning

Answer 30

Reproductive cloning produces whole organisms while cellular cloning produces cell populations

Question 31

Evaluate how transgenic animals are used in biotechnology’

Answer 31

Transgenic animals express cloned genes to produce proteins that may require eukaryotic post translational modification

Question 32

You want to produce human insulin using bacteria. Which technique best achieves this

Answer 32

Cloning the human insulin gene in a bacteria plasmid and expressing it

Question 33

In a DNA extraction protocol, what is the ourpose of adding proteases

Answer 33

To degrade proteins contamination DNA cells

Question 34

Which polymerase is typically used in PCR and why

Answer 34

Taq polymerase

Question 35

What is the role if a molecyle probe in nucleus acie

Answer 35

To specifically bind complementary DNA or RNA fragments for detection

Question 36

Why are plasmids commonly used as vectors in cloning

Answer 36

They are small, can replicate independently and carry foreign DNA into bacteria

Question 37

Which characteristic makes a recombinant DNA molecule

Answer 37

DNA sequences from more than one source combined into one molecule

Question 38

Ehat is the main difference between northern and southern blotting

Answer 38

Northern detects RNA southern detects DNA

Question 39

When producing protein therapeutics by recombinant DNA why are eukaryotic calls sometimes preferred over bacteria

Answer 39

Eukaryotic cells can perform proper post translational modifications such as glycolysaiton

Question 40

Which technique would you use to amplify a specific DNA segment for analysis

Answer 40

PCR