6.3 AI

Question 1

Understand what is meant by artificial
intelligence (AI)

Answer 1

• AI is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviors by computers

Question 2

What are the main characteristics of AI?

Answer 2

• The collection of data and the rules for using that data.
• The ability to reason, and the ability to learn and adapt to external stimulation.

Question 3

What do expert systems include?

Answer 3

Expert systems have a knowledge base, a rule base, an inference engine and an interface

Question 4

describe how expert systems work.

Answer 4

• It uses an interactive user interface for entering data.
• The questions are asked by the system and the user answers the questions with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
• Further questions are asked based on previous answers.
• The expert system analyses the data, and the inference engine compares data.
• It compares data with that held in the knowledge base using rules base/set of rules and
  then matches are found accordingly.
• The system produces the possibilities and explains the ways it achieved the solutions.

Question 5

What are the Applications using Expert Systems?

Answer 5

• Chess games
• Car engine fault diagnosis
• Medical diagnosis/diagnosis of a patient’s illness
• Oil and mineral prospecting/rock classification

Question 6

What are the Advantages of Expert Systems?

Answer 6

• They offer a high level of expertise.
• They offer high accuracy.
• The results are consistent.
• They have the ability to store massive amounts of ideas and facts.

Question 7

What are the Disadvantages of Expert Systems?

Answer 7

• have very high set up and maintenance costs.
• Users of the expert system need considerable training in its use to ensure the system is
  being correctly used.
• The users sometimes make the very dangerous assumption that they are error-free.

Question 8

Describe how an expert system would be CREATED. [5]

Answer 8

• Data is gathered from experts
• Knowledge base is designed
• Inference engine is designed
• Rules base is designed
• The system is tested

Question 9

Define the term machine learning

Answer 9

When a program has the ability to automatically adapt to its own process and/or data.
- sub-set of artificial intelligence (AI)

Question 10

Examples of machine learning.

Answer 10

1. Sophisticated search engines
2. Categorizing email as spam
3. Recognizing user buying history
4. Detection of fraudulent activity

Question 11

Describe how machine learning and artificial intelligence differ. [2]

Answer 11

• AI represents simulated intelligence in machines
• Machine learning is practice of getting machines to make decisions without being programmed to do so.