6.3 Bone Structure

Question 1

diaphysis

Answer 1

tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone

Question 2

tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone

Answer 2

diaphysis

Question 3

epiphysis

Answer 3

wider section at each end of the bone

Question 4

wider section at each end of the bone

Answer 4

epiphysis

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

hollow region in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

Question 6

hollow region in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

Answer 6

medullary cavity

Question 7

compact bone

Answer 7

dense and hard

Question 8

dense and hard

Answer 8

compact bone

Question 9

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Answer 9

layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone

Question 10

layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone

Answer 10

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 11

endosteum

Answer 11

medullary cavity delicate membranous lining

Question 12

medullary cavity delicate membranous lining

Answer 12

endosteum

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

fibrous membrane on the outer surface of the bone

Question 14

fibrous membrane on the outer surface of the bone

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

articular cartilage

Answer 15

thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

Question 16

thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

Answer 16

articular cartilage

Question 17

diploë (spongy bone)

Answer 17

lined on either side by a layer of compact bone

Question 18

lined on either side by a layer of compact bone

Answer 18

diploë (spongy bone)

Question 19

articulation

Answer 19

two bone surfaces come together

Question 20

two bone surfaces come together

Answer 20

articulation

Question 21

A projection

Answer 21

an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

Question 22

an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

Answer 22

A projection

Question 23

hole

Answer 23

opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone

Question 24

opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone

Answer 24

hole

Question 25

osteoblast

Answer 25

bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum

Question 26

bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum

Answer 26

osteoblast

Question 27

osteocyte

Answer 27

primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell

Question 28

primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell

Answer 28

osteocyte

Question 29

lacuna

Answer 29

space osteocyte is located

Question 30

space osteocyte is located

Answer 30

lacuna

Question 31

canaliculi

Answer 31

channels within the bone matrix

Question 32

channels within the bone matrix

Answer 32

canaliculi

Question 33

osteogenic cell

Answer 33

osteogenic cells are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide

Question 34

osteogenic cells are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide

Answer 34

osteogenic cell

Question 35

osteoclast

Answer 35

cell responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown

Question 36

cell responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown

Answer 36

osteoclast

Question 37

osteon

Answer 37

microscopic structural unit of compact bone

Question 38

microscopic structural unit of compact bone

Answer 38

osteon

Question 39

central canal (Haversian canal)

Answer 39

contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Question 40

contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 40

central canal (Haversian canal)

Question 41

perforating canal (Volkmann’s canals)

Answer 41

extend to the periosteum and endosteum

Question 42

extend to the periosteum and endosteum

Answer 42

perforating canal (Volkmann’s canals)

Question 43

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Answer 43

contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles

Question 44

contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles

Answer 44

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Question 45

trabeculae

Answer 45

lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes

Question 46

lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes

Answer 46

trabeculae

Question 47

nutrient foramen

Answer 47

small openings in the diaphysis

Question 48

small openings in the diaphysis

Answer 48

nutrient foramen