6.5.B Energy pathways

Question 1

what has energy mismatches created:

Answer 1

Energy mismatches are resolved by the creation of energy pathways that allow transfers to take place between producers and consumers.

Question 2

The main fossil fuel pathways are:

Answer 2

coal: from six main producers (Australia, Indonesia, Russia, South Africa, Colombia and USA) to four major markets (EU, India, China and Japan-Korea-Taiwan)

oil: from producers in the Middle East to four major markets (EU, USA and E and SE Asia); lesser producers are Nigeria and Venezuela

gas: from major producers in the Middle East and from Russia to markets in Europe; lesser producers are Indonesia, Nigeria and Trinidad

Question 3

Explain Russia gas to Europe:
Explain the countries that get 100% gas from them:

Answer 3

-Russia is the worlds second largest producer of gas

-quantity of natrel gas to western europe has increased by 40%

Countries getting 100% of gas from Russia:

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

66-99%:

Bulgaria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia

Question 4

Explain about pipeline in Ukraine

Answer 4

Geopolitically significant is that three of those pipelines cross Ukraine, a country from which Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 (It now occupies parts of eastern Ukraine). Clearly, Ukraine might be in a position of strength here, it could increase the charges for allowing Russian gas to pass through it. It could even stop the gas flows altogether. This potential threat seems to leave Russia with two
reduce delivery of gas through these threatened pipelines and export more through two northern pipelines that run through Finland and Poland
annexe the whole of Ukraine

Given the history of strained political relations between Russia and Western Europe, it would appear strategically unwise for EU countries to become heavily reliant on Russian gas. Although the UK still obtains most of its gas from Qatar, it has recently substantially increased its imports of Russian gas in order to offset the declinin