1
Q
Causes of New Imperialism
A
- european affairs grew tense, causing competition to have colonies –> colonies were used to keep other countries from setting up bases
- colonies were international prestige –> not getting in the race was a sign of weakness
- they used patriotic fever to arouse interest in nationalism
- social darwinism –> superior races must dominate inferior races by military force or show how strong they are (getting land), survival of the mightiest
- religious –> europeans had moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people –> creating convents, converting people + impose modern technology and medicine
- economic motive –> economic imperialism
2
Q
White man’s burden
A
-europeans had moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people–> creating convents, converting people + impose modern technology and medicine
3
Q
Economic Imperialism factors
A
- demand for natural resources
- instead of trading, just have direct control of areas
- surplus of capital from bankers and industrialists caused them to seek higher rates of profit
- extra: it cost a lot to administer it, but because of nationalistic pride, people forgot about that
4
Q
Marxism and Imperialism
A
- followers of mar said that imperialism was economically motivated because they associated imperialism with ultimate desire of capitalist system
- less wealth –> investment at home is exhausted–> go abroad
5
Q
African and European states before 1880
A
-they only dealt with existing independent states instead of having direct control
6
Q
South Africa
A
- after napoleonic war, british people settle there (cape town)–> this go Boers mad –> boers eventually had to move up north
- boers were still mad –> cape colony try to get transvaal, but then revolt, then became independent republic
- overall, the british were trying not to have a war with boers, but eventually would
7
Q
Boers
A
-descendants of original dutch colonists in south africa
8
Q
Cecil Rhodes
A
- found gold and diamond companies
- great champion of british expansion
- down fall –> no longer prime minister when he tried to overthrow boer government without british approval
9
Q
Boer War
A
- they eventually had a war, even though they tried not to
- there were many casualties and EXPENSE
- this war showed that the increase military and money investment would be needed to maintain british empire
- after boers were defeated, the british were nice to them –> representative governments, self governing
10
Q
French and Portuguese possessions
A
- before 1880 they were the only counties with african settlements
- then afterwards, they started to add more and create protectorates
11
Q
Britain in Egypt
A
- after canal is opened in egypt, britain’s thought this was their way to india
- so they landed there and put a protectorate
- they also moved south in sudan
12
Q
Italy and imperialism
A
-they seized ottoman Tripoli (Libya) after being embarrassed by their defeat by ethiopians
13
Q
Belgium and Central Africa
A
- King Leopold II was interested in PROFIT and progress (europeanizing it)
- started to establish belgian settlements in congo
14
Q
King Leopold II
A
- king of belgium
- was interested in PROFIT and progress (europeanizing it)
- started to establish belgian settlements in congo
15
Q
Henry M. Stanley
A
-interested in central africa
16
Q
Germany in Africa
A
-bismark originally didn’t emphasize colonies but then as domestic political pressures for a
german empire grew, he advocated it
17
Q
Impact on Africa
A
- liberia and ethiopia were free states
- africa was conquered by states that wanted to create colonial empires (britain, france, germany, belgium, spain, portugal)
- anyone who resisted, were devastated by the european military force
- they treated blacks very badly
18
Q
Britain in Asia
A
- they were interested in it because of land to graze on and gold in australia
- australia–> granted self government then commonwealth
- new zealand–> colony then dominion status
- india –> at first british east india company controlled it, then sepoy mutiny caused control of india to go to government
19
Q
Sepoy mutiny
A
-this revolt caused the control of india to go from british east india company to government
20
Q
Russia in Asia
A
- went to siberia (settled there) and alaska
- they also moved south, where they went to persia and afghanistan and had conflict with britain –> afghanistan was a buffer state and persia into two spheres of influence
- they moved east, where they wanted to move into korea, but had a war with japan (russo-japanese war)
21
Q
Russo-japanese war
A
-russia moved east, where they wanted to move into korea, but had a war with japan –> in the end, japanese had a protectorate in korea
22
Q
China before imperliams
A
- ruling manchu dynasty was decline
- western nations started to rush into to gain trading privileges
- countries decided to establish spheres of influence and long term leases of chinese territory
- then open door policy was created
23
Q
open door policy
A
-one country would not restrict commerce of other countries in its sphere of influence
24
Q
Japan and Korea
A
- japan and korea excluded westerners
- because of japan’s victories, japan had clear superiority and they annexed korea
25
Southeast Asia
- britain had burma and malay states
| - france had indochina (combined cities and created it into union of french indochina)
26
American Imperialism
- pacific islands --> took samoan islands and hawaiian islands, hawaiian people reasserted their authority then troops came in and hawaii was annexed (example of nationalistic fervor)
- because of defeat in spanish-american war, americans wanted to extend their empire so they got some lands, one of their reasons was that US was to christianize them
27
Africa’s Response to Imperialism
- there was a new class of african leaders who were educated and admired western culture
- however, they still resented the foreingers --> westerners didn’t apply democracy, equality, etc.. and economic propserity
- the middle class africans also were mad --> superiority of westerners in segreated schools, churches etc...
- urban educated class was mad at their superior country so they started to assert their own nationality and cultural destiny
28
China’s Response to Imperialism
- humiliation of china ---> created antiforeign violence
| - then westerns made it an excuse to put more restrictions on them --> Boxer Rebellion
29
Boxer Rebellion
- rebellion in China
- Society of Harmonious Fists--> aim was to push foreigners out of China
- army destroyed them --> restored order --> demanded more restrictions from government --> government got weak
30
Japan’s Response to Imperialism
- shogun at first held real power
| - shogun agree to concessions --> samurai revolt --> restoration of emperor as head of government
31
Meiji Restoration
- in japan
- -shogun agree to concessions --> samurai revolt --> restoration of emperor as head of government
- adopted western methods --> education, industrial and financial methods of US, democratic political system & authorotian
- created power military
- pursued western imperialist model --> China, Korea
32
India’s Response to Imperialism POSITIVES
- british government was controlling them directly
- british brought order to soceity --> honest and efficient government
- british brought western technology and schools
- they passed laws that protected some practices that were against women --> sati
33
India’s Response to Imperialism NEGATIVES
- population growth led to extreme poverty
- industrialization destroyed local industries and their money was used to pay british army
- education was only for rich
- although some people had it good it was still bad --> best jobs only for brits
- indians were never considered equals of britain
- a nationalistic movement was created and they demanded independence
34
Results of new Imperialism
- almost all of africa and asia were under colonial rule or (china and ottoman empire) verge of collapse
- some managed to escape this because of GOOD FORTUNE, not design --> thailand, ethiopia, afghanistan, japan
