WHAP > 7.5-9 > Flashcards

7.5-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were spheres of influence in China?

A

Foreign powers controlled economic zones in China, weakening Chinese sovereignty and fueling nationalist resentment.

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2
Q

What was the German sphere of influence in China?

A

Germany controlled economic areas in China before WWI, demonstrating European imperial competition in Asia.

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3
Q

What was the May Fourth Movement (1919)?

A

A Chinese nationalist protest against foreign control that strengthened anti-imperialism and spread communist ideas.

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4
Q

What was the Balfour Declaration?

A

A British promise supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine that contributed to long-term Middle Eastern conflict.

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5
Q

What were Britain’s promises to Arabs during WWI?

A

Britain promised Arab independence during WWI but failed to fully honor it, causing regional instability.

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6
Q

What were colonial economies like before WWI?

A

Colonies exported raw materials to industrial nations and depended economically on European powers.

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7
Q

How did colonial economies change after WWI?

A

Colonial contributions to WWI strengthened independence movements across Africa and Asia.

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8
Q

How were colonial troops used in WWI and WWII?

A

European empires used African and Asian soldiers, increasing postwar demands for political rights.

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9
Q

Which empires collapsed after WWI?

A

The Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, German, and Russian empires collapsed, reshaping Europe and the Middle East.

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10
Q

Why was Italy resentful after WWI?

A

Italy felt cheated by the Treaty of Versailles, helping fascism rise under Mussolini.

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11
Q

What is fascism?

A

Fascism is an authoritarian nationalist ideology emphasizing dictatorship, militarism, and loyalty to the state.

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12
Q

Who was Mussolini?

A

Mussolini was Italy’s fascist dictator who aimed to restore Roman glory and expand territory.

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13
Q

What happened in the Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935)?

A

Italy invaded Ethiopia to build an empire, exposing the weakness of the League of Nations.

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14
Q

What is totalitarianism?

A

Totalitarianism is a system where the state controls nearly all aspects of public and private life.

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15
Q

How was communism totalitarian under Stalin?

A

Stalin’s Soviet Union controlled the economy and suppressed opposition through state power.

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16
Q

How was fascism totalitarian under Hitler?

A

Nazi Germany controlled society through propaganda, censorship, and repression.

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17
Q

What is the difference between communism and fascism?

A

Communism promotes class equality while fascism promotes nationalism and social hierarchy.

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18
Q

What roles did women have under fascism?

A

Fascist governments encouraged women to focus on motherhood and traditional domestic roles.

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19
Q

What were women’s roles during WWII?

A

Women worked industrial jobs during total war while still maintaining home responsibilities.

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20
Q

What was Japanese militarism?

A

In the 1930s, Japan’s military dominated government and pursued aggressive territorial expansion.

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21
Q

Why did Japan invade China in 1937?

A

Japan invaded China to gain resources and regional dominance.

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22
Q

Why did Japan invade Southeast Asia?

A

Japan sought oil, rubber, and raw materials to support its growing empire.

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23
Q

What was the Rape of Nanjing?

A

Japanese troops committed mass killings and sexual violence against Chinese civilians.

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24
Q

What were Japanese war crimes?

A

Japan used forced labor, brutal treatment of civilians and POWs, and inhumane experiments during the war.

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25
What was the Rhineland Remilitarization (1936)?
Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops into the Rhineland.
26
What was the Anschluss (1938)?
Germany annexed Austria to unite German-speaking peoples under Nazi control.
27
What was the Sudetenland Crisis?
Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to expand German territory.
28
What was the Munich Pact (1938)?
Britain and France allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland to avoid war.
29
What is appeasement?
Appeasement is the policy of giving in to aggression to prevent conflict.
30
How did appeasement affect Hitler?
Appeasement convinced Hitler that Britain and France would not resist further expansion.
31
What was Hitler’s view of communism?
Hitler saw communism as a Jewish threat and used it to justify invading the Soviet Union.
32
What was Mein Kampf?
Hitler’s book outlining his racist ideology and expansion goals.
33
What was Kristallnacht (1938)?
A violent Nazi attack on Jewish homes and synagogues marking intensified persecution.
34
What was the Weimar Republic?
Germany’s unstable democratic government after WWI that struggled with economic crisis.
35
What was Lebensraum?
Hitler’s belief that Germany needed living space in Eastern Europe.
36
What was Blitzkrieg?
Germany’s rapid military strategy using coordinated air and ground attacks.
37
Who were the Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis alliance during WWII.
38
What is total war?
A war strategy where nations mobilize all resources and target civilian industries.
39
How were civilians affected in WWII?
WWII caused massive civilian deaths through bombing, starvation, and genocide.
40
What was the Lend-Lease Act?
The U.S. supplied weapons and aid to Allied nations before entering WWII.
41
What was Operation Barbarossa (1941)?
Germany invaded the Soviet Union, leading to massive casualties and eventual German defeat.
42
Which country suffered the most casualties in WWII?
The Soviet Union suffered the highest number of deaths in WWII.
43
What happened at Pearl Harbor (Dec 7, 1941)?
Japan attacked a U.S. naval base, bringing America into WWII.
44
Why did Hitler lose WWII?
Germany fought a two-front war and was overwhelmed by Soviet resistance and U.S. industrial power.
45
Why did Italy lose WWII?
Italy had weak military strength and relied heavily on Germany.
46
How did Hitler differ from Mussolini?
Hitler emphasized racial genocide more intensely, while Mussolini focused more on nationalism and empire.
47
How did Hitler differ from Franco?
Franco ruled Spain authoritatively but did not pursue genocide or major expansion like Hitler.
48
What was China’s situation during WWII?
China’s Nationalists and Communists temporarily united to resist Japanese invasion.
49
Who was Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)?
He was the leader of the Chinese Nationalists during WWII.
50
Who was Mao Zedong?
He was the leader of the Chinese Communists who later established communist rule in China.
51
What was the Long March?
A strategic communist retreat that strengthened Mao’s leadership and support.
52
What was the Final Solution?
The Nazi plan to systematically exterminate Europe’s Jewish population.
53
Who else did Nazis persecute besides Jews?
Nazis targeted Roma, disabled individuals, LGBTQ people, Slavs, and political opponents.
54
What was the Armenian Genocide?
The Ottoman Empire killed over one million Armenians during WWI.
55
What was the Holodomor?
A forced famine in Ukraine under Stalin that killed millions.
56
What was the Cambodian Genocide?
The Khmer Rouge killed millions through forced labor and executions.
57
What was the Rwandan Genocide (1994)?
Extremists killed approximately 800,000 Tutsis in ethnic violence.
58
What was the Bosnian Genocide?
Ethnic cleansing occurred during the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
59
What was the Darfur Genocide?
Sudanese government-backed forces targeted specific ethnic groups in violent conflict.
60
What happened at Hiroshima (1945)?
The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb to force Japan’s surrender.
61
What happened at Nagasaki (1945)?
A second atomic bomb was dropped, leading to Japan’s surrender.
62
Who was Gandhi?
Gandhi led India’s independence movement using nonviolent resistance.
63
What is Satyagraha?
Gandhi’s philosophy of peaceful protest and civil disobedience.
64
What was the Indian National Congress?
The political party that led India’s struggle for independence.
65
Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
He was the leader who advocated for the creation of Pakistan.
66
What was the Partition of India (1947)?
British India was divided into India and Pakistan, causing mass migration and violence.
67
How did Britain maintain control in India?
Britain reinforced religious and social divisions to maintain colonial authority.
68
How did the Great Depression affect politics in the 1930s?
Economic crisis led some nations toward fascism while others preserved democracy.
69
How did Nazis reduce unemployment?
Hitler reduced unemployment through public works projects and military expansion.
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