ANKI Endocrine > [8] Hypercalcaemia > Flashcards

[8] Hypercalcaemia Flashcards

(13 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Vit D intoxication
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Side effect of lithium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What malignancies can cause hypercalcaemia?

A
  • Bone mets
  • Myeloma
  • PTHrP secreting tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Constipation
  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Depression
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
  • Tiredness
  • Weakness
  • Hypertension
  • Confusion
  • Pyrexia
  • Renal stones
  • Cardiac arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What investigations are done in hypercalcaemia?

A
  • FBC
  • Protein electrophoresis
  • CXR
  • Isotope bone scan
  • 24 hour urinary calcium excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the most common causes of hypercalcaemia?

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What points towards malignancy as the cause of hypercalcaemia?

A
  • Decreased albumin
  • Decreased Cl-
  • Alkalosis
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Increased phosphate
  • Increased ALP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What indicates hyperparathyroidism as the cause of hypercalcaemia?

A

Increased PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should the management of hypercalcaemia involve?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should hypercalcaemia be managed if calcium is >3.5mmol/L and the patient is symptomatic?

A
  • Correct dehydration with IV 0.9% saline
  • Bisphosphonates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do bisphosphonates do?

A

Prevent bone reabsorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long does a single dose of bisphosphonates take to lower calcium?

A

2-3 days, with the maximum effect being achieved after a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How should bisphosphonates be administered?

A

They should be infused slowly, for example 30mg in 300mL 0.9% saline over 3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the potential side effects of bisphosphonates?

A
  • Decreased phosphate
  • Bone pain
  • Myalgia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headaches
  • Lymphocytopenia
  • Decreased magnesium
  • Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
ANKI Endocrine
flashcards
Decks in class (30)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions