8.1

Question 1

Why was president carter under pressure already in nov 1979

Answer 1

1. Seizure or us embassy staff as hostages in Iran by Islamic militante students.
2. because they want their leader the shah to be returned from exile in USA to stand trial for crimes against people in Iran .
3. carter failed to solve this problem and some pope, were accusing him of being a weak leader.

therefore, he took a firm approach with the Su …

Question 2

What was American sand Su stance on Afghanistan before the invasion?

Answer 2

usa saw a soviet occupied Afghanistan would threaten India, Pakistan and its oil interest in the Persian gulf.

• Su invaded it as didn’t want to see a collapse or a scoailst state or the growth if us on its borders

Question 3

What was the PDPA?

Answer 3

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Question 4

What did the PDPA do?

Answer 4

On 27^th April 1978

The PDPA overthrew the government of Afghanistan

Question 5

Who initially became Prime Minister?

Answer 5

Nur Muhammed Taraki

Question 6

What did the PDPA do in their first 18 months?

Answer 6

• Imposed a communist-style reform program
• Thousands of members of the Muslim religious establishment and intellectuals were imprisoned, tortured or murdered.

Question 7

Who was Hazifullah Amin and what did he do?

Answer 7

He was the Deputy Prime Minister

He seized power from Taraki in September 1979

Question 8

How did the mujahideen form?

Answer 8

Continued instablility because of renewed anti-Muslim policies

1000s of Afghan Muslims joined the mujahideen (Guerilla movement)

They wanted to overthrow the government

They declared a jihad (holy war)

Question 9

How did the Soviets help the PDPA?

Answer 9

• In 1978, they began a military assistance program
• This was increased due to the instability and guerilla movements
• amin regime became entirely dependent on Su equipment and advisers however…
• Amin did not want to become too reliant on the USSR as he
• Wanted to improve links with the US

Question 10

Why was Brezhnev concerned? (Islam)

Answer 10

He was concerned about the growing power and spread of Islamic Fundamentalism

He saw it as a threat to the Soviet system due to the 30 million Muslims in the USSR, wanted to tell them there would be no changes to the way this Su was run.

saw it as great threat to soviet system

Question 11

How long did the Soviet Invasion last?

Answer 11

10 years

1979-1989

Question 12

When did the initial invasion begin?

hiw many men sent in

Answer 12

25^th December 1979 - 1^st January 1980

More than 50,000 troops sent to Afghanistan to restore order and protect the PDPA from the mujahideen

Question 13

What did Brezhnev claim about the invasion?, justifying it ?

Answer 13

That the USSR was only complying with the :

1978 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighbourliness

that former President Taraki had signed

Question 14

When was Amin shot?

Answer 14

27^th December 1979

Question 15

Who was Amin replaced by?

Answer 15

Babrak Kamal

who had been in exile in Moscow

Question 16

How many Soviet soldiers were required to keep Kamal in power?

why?

Answer 16

85,00 Soviet Soldiers.

kamal’s position was entirely denn dent on soviet military support, considering that many afghan soldiers were deserting to join Mujahideen …