9. Deviance

Question 1

Devinance

Answer 1

The recognized violation of cultural norms

Question 2

Crime

Answer 2

The violation of society’s formally enacted criminal law

Question 3

Social Control

Answer 3

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thought and behaviour

Question 4

Criminal Justice System

Answer 4

The organizations - police, courts, and prisons - that respond to alleged violations of the law

Question 5

Sociological Approach to Deviance

Answer 5

1. What is deviant depends on what the cultural norms are
2. People become deviant when defined as deviant
3. Norms and rule breaking are defined by those in power

Question 6

Structural Functionlism View on Deviance

Answer 6

• function of deviance
• how social structures encourage conformity

Question 7

Symbolic Interactionism View on Deviance

Answer 7

• labelling of deviance
• social construction of deviance

Question 8

Conflict Theory View on Deviance

Answer 8

• who defines what deviance is?
• defined to benefit those in power?

Question 9

Hirschi’s Control Theory

Answer 9

Conformity encouraged by 4 types of social control:
1. Attachment
2. Opportunity
3. Involvement
4. Belief

Question 10

Labelling Theory

Answer 10

The idea that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Question 11

Primary Deviance

Answer 11

Norm violations that provoke only mild reactions from others

Question 12

Secondary Deviance

Answer 12

Deviance responding to others defining some actions as deviant, internalizing a deviant identity

Question 13

Stigma

Answer 13

A powerful negative label that greatly changes a person’s self concept and social identity

Question 14

Merton’s Strain Theory

Answer 14

Indiviudals may resort to deviant or criminal behaviour when there is a “strain” between a society’s culturally accepted goals, like financial success, and the legitimate means available to achieve them

Question 15

Retrospective

Answer 15

Re-interpreting someone’s past actions in light of their present deviance

Question 16

Projective

Answer 16

Using a person’s current deviant identity to predict future actions

Question 17

Medicalization of Deviance

Answer 17

The understanding of moral/legal deviance as a medical condition

Question 18

White Collar Crime

Answer 18

A crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations

Question 19

Hate Crime

Answer 19

A criminal act against a personal or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias

Question 20

Functions of Deviance

Answer 20

• clarifies moral boundaries
• affirms cultural values norms
• responding to deviance brings people together
• pushes social change

Question 21

Deviance from Social Conflict Perspective

Answer 21

• what is claimed as deviant is to protect the interests of the elite
• crimes are defined to protect private property and interest of capital