A&P Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that can occupy space and has mass.

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The basic unit of matter, made up of protons, electrons,and neutrons.g

Electrons are responsible for bonding between atoms for the formation of compounds.

Question 3

Ionic bonding

Answer 3

• Attraction between cation and anions.
• from when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
• the atom is the electron donor and loses one or more electrons and becomes positive(anion).
• another atom accepts the electron and becomes negative(anion).
• attraction between opposites charges then draws the two ions together.

Question 4

Covalent bonding

Answer 4

Involves the sharing of pair of electrons between atoms.

From where electrons are shared by atoms.

Question 5

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 5

• Bonds between adjancent molecules, not atoms.
• hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause surface tension.
• involve slightly positive and slightly negative portions of polar molecules being attracted to one another.

Question 6

Compounds

Answer 6

Such as water, carbon dioxide, carbohydrates, are formed by electron interaction between elements.

Question 7

Acids,bases,and salts

Answer 7

Are compounds important for homeostasis in the body.

Question 8

Electrolytes

Answer 8

Are inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution.

Question 9

PH

Answer 9

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

Acidic-ph lower than 7

High H+ concentration

Low OH- concentration

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

Ph higher than 7

Low H+ concentration

High OH- concentration

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• 1:2:1 ratio
• monosaccharides- glucose(building block of carbohydrates) simple sugar.
• disaccharides- sucrose, two sugars.
• polysaccharides- starches and glycogen, many sugars.

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

• Mainly hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes.
• made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Include: fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

Most abundant and important organic molecules.

• contains: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur’s.
• amino acids building block of proteins.
• enzymes(catalysts) is use for energy.

Question 15

Nucleic acids

Answer 15

Are large organic molecules, found in the nucleus, which store and process information at the molecular level.

Contains: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

DNA-deoxyribonucleic- determines inherited characteristics.

• direct protein synthesis
• controls enzyme production
• controls metabolism

DNA ribonucleic- controls intermediate steps in protein synthesis.

Question 16

High energy compounds

Answer 16

Are use to store energy

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

Adenosine Diphosphate(ADP)