1
Q
Rapid sand filters can be installed with control devices for;
Rate of flow, loss of head, and _____
A
In line turbidimeter
2
Q
Head loss, filter turbidity, length of time can independently be indicators of what?
A
Backwash needed
3
Q
Air binding is a condition that occurs as a result of?
A
Negative head pressure that may be caused by change in temperature
4
Q
If total hardness is 160 and alkalinity is 200, what kind of hardness is present?
A
Carbonate
5
Q
Cavitation is a problem with pumps. What can be done to prevent this from occuring?
A
Reduce the suction lift
6
Q
Which of the following types of pumps work on the principal of a decreased in overall specific weight of a confined column of gas water mixture?
A
Airlift
7
Q
If a routine turbidity sample exceeds the maximum containment level, the utility should?
A
Take a check sample within 1 hour
8
Q
Oxidation and the scrubbing or sweeping of water and air mixing together are
A
Two processes for removing or modifying constituents
9
Q
The effective PH range for hydrogen sulfide removal is
A
Six or less
10
Q
Super saturation should be avoided in order to
A
Retard or prevent corrosion
11
Q
Two chemical compounds that should never be stored together are
A
Calcium oxide and alum
12
Q
The heat generated during lime slaking _____ the slaking process
A
Accelerates
13
Q
If dry powdered activated carbon is transferred to a day tank in the form of a slurry it is important that?
A
The slurry be kept in suspension
14
Q
The primary MCL for nitrate and drinking water is
A
10mg/L
15
Q
The use of pressure filters is allowed in systems designed for
A
Less than .5 MGD
16
Q
Some pathogens that enter surface water through wastewater effluent discharge
A
Form cysts that are chlorine resistant and may survive for long periods of time without a host
17
Q
A filter is backwashed when the loss of head reaches
A
6 to 10 feet
18
Q
Fluoride primary standard is
A
4 mg per liter
19
Q
Fluoride secondary standard is
A
2 mg per liter
20
Q
The safe water drinking act primary standard
A
Have significant associated health risks
21
Q
What is true of true color in water
A
Cannot be filtered out
22
Q
True color is defined as
A
The color of water resulting from dissolved substances only. Cannot filter out
23
Q
The proper first aid response for a person that has a pulse but is not breathing is
A
CPR
24
Q
A membrane filter is used in a water laboratory to?
A
Test for the presence or absence of coliform bacteria
25
Bacteriological samples in drinking water incubated at?
35°C
26
Storage of water treatment chemicals must be a supply of how many days
15
27
When extinguishing a fire in a electrical load center
Use a CO2 extinguisher, non-conductive and does not react with molten metal
28
Groundwater is typically ________ turbidity
And ______ mineral content
Lower, higher
29
The legal right to use groundwater in Texas
Is to the right of the owner
30
Approved backflow devices in Texas
Air gap and testable assemblies usually in rpz
31
A Bolson aquifer is characterized by
Deep-filled valley deposits
32
The sedimentation process in water treatment should remove how much bacteria
90% Plus
33
A reservoir of lake rich with nutrients in aquatic Life is said to be
Eutrophic
34
The primary drinking water standards take coliform organisms should not exceed
One per 100 ml
35
Cartridge respirators provide protection against what
Gases
36
Groundwater moves more freely from
High pressure to low tends to collect when pores are larger and loosely connected in unconfined aquifers follows the slope of the water table
37
When chlorine gas is added to water what compounds are formed
Hypochlorides
38
The primary cause of taste and odor in groundwater is
Hydrogen sulfide
39
One of the requirements of the Texas hazard communication act is that the employer must hold annual training where the utilities written policies and the employees' rights are explaining to whom
All employees
40
The most important water treatment step is
Disinfection
41
What is the action level of lead
.015 mg/L
42
The MCL for lead is
Zero, can cause brain damage to kids
43
One raw water pretreatment process prior to membrane filtration is
Scale prevention
44
An air gap is the only cross connection control method or a mechanical device which is approved by tcq and can be tested in field. Two and a half times inlet pipe no less than inch
Lit
45
If you have a major chlorine leak the first thing you do is call?
Call the supplier / manufacturer
46
When an employer refuses to observe safety requirements because the employee has learned over the years that they are useless the supervisor should
Initiate immediate disciplinary action
47
Measured distance from the ground to the pumping level is
Cone of depression
48
Nitrate primary standard
10 mg per liter. Causes blue baby syndrome
49
What is used to sequester iron and manganese
Polyphosphates
50
Safety sop and what is the last thing on the back page of the SOP
Training documentation maybe?
51
Blending Waters from different sources hard and soft can lead to the dissolving of scale which leads to
Increase corrosion
52
Free chlorine residuals produce two acids
Hydrochloric and hypochlorous. This can lower pH and lead to increased corrosion
53
Define true color
Color of water that cannot be filtered out. All suspended solids have been filtered. Only dissolved solids are left
54
What is true about chloramine residuals
Weak as a disinfectant but last longer. Does not form thms or HAA5s
55
Saltation will occur naturally. If a Laker reservoir is used as the raw water supply in the intake is located properly what will happen?
Natural citation will occur and keep a lot of this turbidity out of the plant result will be better raw water quality
56
Absorbance are used for (ex activated carbon)
Weight agents used to clarify low turbidity water with low mineral content and high color
57
How often is a reading of turbidity on filters required
Every 15 minutes
58
When to backwash a filter
Turbidity level greater than one NTU, loss of head 6 to 10 ft. Rate of flow controller wide open. Over 100 hours of operation
59
The proper backwash rate for a sand filter is
8 * filtration rate or 16 gallons per square foot per minute
60
Dosage equals
Demand plus residual
61
To confirm you have nitrification check
Free ammonia,nitrite, nitrate and mono
62
First step in backwash
Clothes influent valve
63
The reaction of alum and iron compounds with alkalinity in the water will cause
Insoluble hydroxide
64
Taste and odor maybe oxidized by
Potassium permanganate, ozone, chlorine dioxide, or chlorine
65
What does UV not help with
Taste and odor
66
What is the most frequent cause of taste and odor issues
Algae
67
TTHMs exceedance rules?
Level violation violations result in an operational assessment
68
Surface water is controlled by who in the state of Texas
TCEQ
69
NSF standard 60 for drinking water treatment chemicals
Direct additives found on SDs sheets
70
NSF standard 61 for drinking water system components
Indirect additives, pipes etc
71
Advanced warning sign for flagger should be how many feet before the actual flagger
500
72
The flagger should be at least how many feet before the work zone
100
73
Chlorine is used for what
Oxidation of iron and manganese, turbidity removal, oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, color removal and control of bacterial growth, disinfection
73
What do you use to treat algae
Copper sulfate or potassium permanganate if copper sulfate is ineffective
74
Iron and manganese are oxidized by
Aeration forming insoluble precipitates that can be removed by sedimentation
75
Aeration is beneficial in what
Taste and odor removal of hydrogen sulfide, oxidation of iron and manganese and oxidation of organics
76
Lime and soda ash are used for removing what
Carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness
77
What function does aeration serve in the lime soda ash softening process
Release CO2 which helps keep hardness in the solution
78
Soda ash can also be used in the water treatment process to?
Adjust pH
79
The process of adjusting pH just above the saturation point of calcium carbonate will do what
Filter aid dosage??????
80
Chlorine cylinders are required to contain fusible safety devices designed to melt at
158 to 165° f
81
When chlorine cylinder is stored vertically it is gas when cylinders are stored horizontally it is liquid
Lit
82
The quality of raw water and energy geographic location is determined primarily by natural factors such as
Geology, topography, and climate in each locality
83
The most important test in a lime soda ash process is?
Hardness test
84
Thermal stratification cause the bottom layer of water to lose oxygen resulting in
Anaerobic decomposition of organic material causing water quality deterioration
85
Chlorine dioxide must be generated on site and is
An oxidizer that doesn't produce bromide in bromate Rich water
86
Chlorine dioxide does not form what in the reaction with organics
Thms or HAA5s
87
Chlorine dioxide MCL
.8
88
Chlorite MCl
.1
89
Rule of thumb sludge blanket thickness in a solids contact and upflow clarifier, the blanket should be
Quarter sidewall depth
90
Any solution of known strength is
The standard solution
91
What chemical characteristics would yield the most corrosive water
Low ph and low alkalinity
92
Which word best describes the chemical combination of substances in solution so as to cause separation in the insoluble form
Precipitation
93
Chlorine and potassium permanganate remove taste and odor from water by
Oxidation
94
The Bayless curve is not an accurate way of determining whether water is
Corrosive, stable or scale-forming
95
Carbon dioxide in water will do what
Lower pH
96
Water level in casing with well at rest
Static level
97
Water encasing with well pumping
Pumping level
98
Difference between pumping and static level in feet
Drawdown level
99
New water lines must have a minimum of 24-in coverage and the ditch must be a minimum width of 18 in and at least 12 in wider than the pipe diameter
Lit
100
Carbonate hardness is caused in part by
Magnesium bicarbonate
101
The langelier index is an indicator used to measure what
Whether water is likely to dissolve or precipitate calcium carbonate
102
What does the calcium carbonate saturation test also known as the marble test tell us
Corrosivity of water
103
What laboratory test in a water plant is concerned with indicator changes at pH of 8.3 and about 4.5
Alkalinity
104
The production from a well what was increased 30% the pumping level decreased by 10 which of the following statements is true
Need a new pump
105
The effect of partially closing the discharge valve on a three-phase induction motor, centrifugal pump would be
Less amperage drawn
106
What is the c factor for pipe
It is a measure of the roughness of the interior of the pipe
107
______ causes friction and reduces the c Factor
Tuberculation
108
What is the hypolimnion
Bottom layer of stratified lake. colder and more dense
109
What can replace coagulants?
Cationic polymers
110
Texas hazard communications act
Right to know
111
What tests are most significant for establishing chemical dosage for coagulating water
Alkalinity and pH
112
Maximum flow rate through a rapid sand filter
2 gallons per minute per square foot
113
Ozone does not produce halogenated dbps except in
Bromide Rich water
114
A system that exceeds ________ NTU in combined filter effluence shall notify the public drinking water program by the next business day
5
115
Combined filter turbidity must be .3 or less in 95% of the monthly samples and must never exceed a 1 NTU
Lit
116
Individual filters cannot exceed one turbidity and should not exceed 5 turbidity at 4 hours after the filter is returned to service after a backwashing systems that serve 10,000 or more
Lit
117
Ceiling block on a well is made of
Concrete
118
Each time I filter exceeds turbidity levels for two consecutive 15-minute readings the system must identify the cause or complete a filter profile report within 7 Days of occurrence
Lit
119
What changes occur with respect to flow velocity and static pressure as a liquid passes through the throat of a Venturi meter
Higher velocity less pressure
120
The most common meter
Positive displacement meter
121
Fluoride MCL is dependent on
Air temperature
122
Backlash water trough is to be how far above media
24 to 30 in
123
Back lifts cannot exceed 6 in
Lit
124
Three types of algae
Green / blue green / diatom
125
Turbine pump has impellers
Lit
126
Intake structure
200 ft
127
What eliminates anaerobic conditions
Presence of oxygen / d stratification of lake
128
MCL for THM
.08
129
MCL 4 haa5s
.06
130
Operational evaluation level
Projected average using THM and ha5 at each monitoring location and compared against the MCL
131
Locational running annual average
Use for MCL compliance, calculates using four running quarters / 4 for thms and ha5s
132
At what point does pH go bacteria
2.0
133
The length of a straight flow sedimentation basin must be at least
Two times width
134
Common walls between filtered and non-filtered water
Not allowed
135
The Bolson deposits are located where
El Paso area
136
New water wells must be disinfected
At 50 mg per liter for 6 hours
137
A sanitary control easement of how many feet must surround all Wells
150
138
The amount of water a formation will give up depends on
Thickness and permeability
139
The purpose of a well screen is to not allow what to flow in with water
Sand
140
Before chemical analysis of a new well can be done it has to pump for
36 continuous hours
141
The current secondary standard for iron is
.3
142
The most common electric motor utilized in a water utility is
Induction motor
143
Most common pump used in water utility
Centrifugal pump
144
Greenish yellow gas that is 2.5 times heavier than air, corrosive with mixture and toxic
Chlorine
145
Is not heavier than methane and carbon dioxide and will be in the middle of a confined space if present
Hydrogen sulfide
146
In a sludge blanket clarifier the flow is from
The bottom up
147
Chemical symbol for alum
Al2(SO4)3
148
Chemical symbol for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
149
Definition of pH
The logarithmic of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration and the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
150
One important element of a good communicator
Good listener
151
When element of good verbal communication is
Feedback
152
If a sample for total opportunity turns pink when phenolphthalein indicator is added the pH is
8.3 or above
153
Before a new water line is put in a service it must be properly disinfected by a chlorine dosage of
by a chlorine dosage of 25 mg per liter for 24 hours
154
The pH test is a measure of a Waters
Hydrogen ion concentration
155
The bucket or boom of construction equipment cannot come closer to overhead electrical lines
Within 10 ft
156
Iron and manganese can be most effectively removed by
Aeration followed by filtration
157
To see two rules require that ultimate admitters be primarily calibrated standard every
90 days
158
In order to facilitate a cooperative style of management and manager can
Become a team member and player
159
Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms are
Tightness in chest nausea drowsiness and headache
160
Zeta potential is
Measure of force preventing particles from joining and involved in coagulation
161
Tcq requires straight flow or upflow settling basins to provide a capacity flow of at least
6 hours
162
Excess fluoride causes
Mottling and staining of teeth
163
What is capping a filter
Replacing 6 in of sand with 6 in of anthracite
164
When chlorine and water mix the most effective disinfectant is
HOCL
165
Dry chemical feeder should
Flow solution through open channels, being a separate room, and have dust control facilities
166
Motivating workers to do a better job is best done by
Letting workers participate in setting goals
167
Maximum filtration rate for a dual media or multimedia filter is
5 gallons of square foot
168
Radiological testing of water sources is required
Every 4 years
169
Chemical testing of surface water sources is required
Every year
170
The safe drinking water act is
Federal law
171
During a proper backwash a 24 inch deep sand filter bed should expand
30 to 50%
172
Safety hazards of using powdered activated carbon
Inhalation of dust flammability
173
The organizing management function involves
Deciding who will do what at work
174
Water moves through aquifers by
Permeability
175
At least once a year a filter should be
Probed for gravel displacement
176
In addition to precipitating calcium carbonate treatment techniques can form a protective coating in the distribution system with the use of
Polyphosphates
177
Artesian water well is
Under natural pressure due to the aquifer being enclosed by impervious strata
178
What should a Foreman's monthly report include
The number of complaints received in investigated
179
The rate of galvanic corrosion depends largely on what factor
How widely two medals are separated in the galvanic series
180
Breakpoint chlorination stage 1
No residual, demand created
181
Breakpoint chlorination stage 2
Monochloramines are formed as chlorine reacts with ammonia. chloro organics are formed
182
Breakpoint chlorination stage 3
Chlorines and chlorganics are destroyed. Combined available chlorine residual formation rate decreases and free available chlorine residual begins to increase
183
Breakpoint chlorination stage 4
Free residual increases with dosage.
184
How long are bactine analysis records kept
5 years
185
Chemical analysis records are kept for
records are kept for 10 years
186
Radiological analysis are kept for how long
4 years
187
What chemical is best for oxidizing taste odor color iron manganese organics and water
Ozone
188
Total storage capacity must be how many gallons per connection
200
189
Four parts of a hydrant
Inlet main valve barrel head
190
Why do hydrants have breakaways
Auto accidents
191
How much of rainfall evaporates each year
174 million acre feet
192
What is bluestone
Copper sulfate
193
What is enhanced coagulation
The addition of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by conventional filtration treatment
194
Alkalinity equal to or greater hardness
Carbonate harness
195
Total hardness definition
Some of the calcium and magnesium concentrations
196
Difference between hardness and alkalinity
Hardness is some of multivalent metal ions. Alkalinity is a measure of solutions ability to neutralize acid
197
When do you need a workplace chemical list
When you have 55 gallons or 500 lb of a chemical
198
Four zones of acetylene basin
Inlet settling sludge and outlet
199
When is shoring not necessary
When the trench walls are slope to the angle of repose
200
Definition of precipitate
Substance separated from the solution as a result of a chemical or physical change
201
What is stable water
Water that will neither deposit nor dissolve calcium carbonate film or scale
202
What color are the total coliform colonies in the membrane filter test
Dark red with a metallic Sheen
203
Non-acute violation
Repeat positive total coliform sample following a positive total coliform sample. Notify the public within 14 days by mail or newspaper
204
How often do you test for thms
Quarterly
205
What are the different classification of filters
Gravity, pressure, membrane
206
What do you do when first putting a plant back online
Check for chlorine leaks
207
How does activated carbon work
It absorbs
208
How can an operate determine if short circuiting is occurring
Long shooting course of flock
209
The influed into the plant has high color and has a turbidity of .05, what can be done to improve flocculation
Add more alum
210
The most desired place to feed activated carbon in a slime soda ash softening plant
Earliest stage as possible in raw water line
211
One function of aeration is the removal of carbon dioxide from water prior to lime soda Ash softening process
Lit
212
Air condition that tends to increase the corrosion of water on metals is a high content of
Dissolved oxygen
213
We're both chlorine and polyphosphates are added to a will which should be fed first
Polly phosphates
214
Try Halo methanes are formed when chlorine reacts with what two acids
Fulvic and humic acids
215
Chemical formula for ferric oxide
Fe2O3
216
Two chemical contaminants with MCL levels that are regulated in both community and not community systems are
Turbidity and nitrate
217
Both and ferric sulfate affected by
Alkalinity
218
50 to 85 mg per liter of calcium carbonate
Desirable and tends to prevent corrosive problems
219
Effectiveness of the coagulation and flocculation process is best measured by using what
Nephilometric tribinometer
220
If phosphate is used to sequester iron
It should be done before chlorination
221
222
What treatment should be done when a well produces red water
Aeration, pH adjustment, filtration
223
A sample in the presumptive test for total coliform is a positive if gas is produced within 48 hours
Lit
224
A method used to soften water
Ion exchange
225
You're the most common causes of mud balls and filter media
Insufficient backwash rate
226
Amount of water it will produce for each foot of drawdown
Specific capacity
227
Arsenic MCL
.01
228
Manganese secondary standard
.05 black water
229
Sulfate secondary standard
300 causes diarrhea
230
Water table aquifer
Open on top, low producer, easily pump dry, usually shallow
231
Polyphosphates are used for what
Retard corrosion and calcium scale
232
Effective PH range for iron and manganese removal
8:00 to 9:00
233
Bleach is approximately
5.25
234
HTH dry powder is set at
65% purity
235
Horsepower is defined as
33,000 ft lb per minute or 746 Watts
236
If it repaired line must be returned to service quickly dose at
500 for 30 minutes
237
Intake cannot be within _____ feet of boat ramps, dogs, marinas, fishing piers
1000
238
Restricted zone around intake
200 ft
239
Top stratum of warm, light water
Epilimnion
240
TCEQ A
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