The ablative case is used for a variety of other functions in a sentence?
What 2 things is it often used to express?
- means/ an instrument
- express circumstances under which the action of the verb happens
what would common translations of the ablative case into English require you to use? (3)
- by
- with
- from
example: Servus dominum gladio necat
The servant kills the gladiator with the sword
what is its most common function?
PREPOSITIONS
What are the M sing and pl endings in the ablative?
M sing: -o
M pl: -is
Servo, servis
What are the F singular and plural endings in the ablative?
F sing: -a
F pl: -is
Femina, Feminis
What are the neuter singular and plural endings in the ablative?
N sing: -o
N pl: -is
Bello, bellis
Preposition: a(b) + ablative
from, away from
e(x) + abl
from, out of
cum + abl
with, accompanied (accompanied by, NOT instrumental)
An exception to the ablative rule= CITIES. Cities do not require a preposition, but use an absolute case.
What case is used for the direction TO WHICH?
What case is used for the direction FROM WHICH?
To which: accusative
Romam ambulo: I walk to Rome
From which: ablative
Roma naviganus: We sail from Rome
What is the exception to the ablative rule (in + abl: expresses position)
CITIES
If an action happens IN a city, you do not use the ABLATIVE but the?
LOCATIVE
Romae: in/at Rome
Habent villam Romae: they have a villa in Rome
