Absorption

Question 1

What does a wider therapeutic range mean as far as drug safety goes?

Answer 1

Safer drug

Question 2

What does a narrow therapeutic range mean as far as drug safety goes?

Answer 2

Less safe drug

Question 3

Absorption is how

Answer 3

Drug enters blood or lymphatic system

Question 4

If the drug conc. and action increase, then the absorption and distribution…

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

If the drug conc. and action decreases, then the metabolism and excretion will…

Answer 5

Decrease

Question 6

Factors that influence absorption rate

Answer 6

• transportation type
• route of admin.
• physiochemical properties of drug
• drug conc.
• protein binding
• dosage forms
• circulation at site of absorption

Question 7

Passive diffusion depends on

Answer 7

Concentration gradient, molecule size, lipophilic nature, temp., membrane thickness

Question 8

Smaller molecule size, higher lipid solubility, and thinner membranes cause the diffusion rate to

Answer 8

Increase

Question 9

Time for absorption PO

Answer 9

Mins to hours

(Is primary ROA)

Question 10

Sublingual/buccal absorption time

Answer 10

3-5 mins

Question 11

Rectal absorption time

Answer 11

5-30 mins

Question 12

Enteral routes of administration

Answer 12

• PO
• Sublingual/buccal
• Rectal

Question 13

Parenteral routes of administration

Answer 13

• IV
• SQ
• IM

Question 14

Time of absorption for IV

Answer 14

• 30-60 sec
• 100% bioavailability

Question 15

Time of absorption IM

Answer 15

10-20 mins

Question 16

Time of absorption SQ

Answer 16

15-30 mins

Question 17

Major factors that determine ROA in different species

Answer 17

• small intestine
• epithelial surface
• motility
• surface area
• efflux proteins (p-glycoprotein)

Question 18

Rank solutions, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, slow release products, and tablets ROA in order from fastest to slowest

Answer 18

• solutions
• emulsions
• suspensions
• capsules
• tablets
• sustained release products

Question 19

Lipid soluble and unionized drugs are absorbed faster or slower?

Answer 19

Faster

Question 20

How do higher water partition coefficients affect absorption

Answer 20

Increases absorption

Question 21

How do drugs that are ionized and larger than 50 daltons move across cell membrane?

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

Drugs between 50-600 daltons move thru the cell membrane via

Answer 22

Passive diffusion

Question 23

When the pKa and pH are equal, that means

Answer 23

50% of the drug is ionized

Question 24

Unionized drugs pass through the membrane more difficult or easily?

Answer 24

Easily

Question 25

When pH is 1 unit below pKa, that means

Answer 25

- acid 9% ionized - base 91% ionized

Question 26

When pH is 2 units below pKa, that means

Answer 26

- acid is 1% ionized - base is 99% ionized

Question 27

pH partition hyposthesis

Answer 27

- basic drugs in blood easily pass into acidic tissue/fluid and conc. there - acidic drugs conc. in basic tissue/fluid

Question 28

Will acidic drugs be absorbed more in the intestine or stomach?

Answer 28

Stomach b/c acid+acid= unionized

Question 29

In the intestine (more alkaline), will a weak acid or base be absorbed better?

Answer 29

Weak base

Question 30

To get rid of a drug, you should put it in a pH that is similar or different to it?

Answer 30

Similar

Question 31

F means what in pharmacology? Give the definition

Answer 31

- Bioavailability - how much unchanged drug is in systemic circulation

Question 32

3 things used to describe bioavailability

Answer 32

- Cmax: peak plasma conc. - time to reach peak conc. - AUC

Question 33

Bioavailability formula

Answer 33

100* ( (AUC po x Dose iv)/ (AUC iv x Dose po) )

Question 34

First pass effect

Answer 34

Drug metabolized at a specific site that reduces its concentration upon reaching its site of action (Usually liver)

Question 35

Factors affecting bioavailability

Answer 35

- first pass effect - gastric emptying - drug solubility - drug stability in GI fluids

Question 36

Drugs w/ extensive first pass effect

Answer 36

- Morphine - propranolol - buprenorphine - diazepam - midazolam - pethidine

Question 37

Purpose of efflux proteins

Answer 37

- move drugs and xenobiotics out cell - important in drug resistancer

Question 38

Mutation in MDR1 or ABCB1 genes in BBB dangerous bc

Answer 38

Causes toxic neurological effects with drugs like loperamide and ivermectin