Accenturalisation

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

process of cultural & psychological change due to contact between 2 or more cultural groups

Question 2

Acculturation strategies

Answer 2

The individual level includes a change in an individual’s behaviour. This includes 4 different strategies used by individuals

• assimilation
• integration
• seperation
• marginalisation

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

This is when an individual leaves their original culture and adopts the behaviours and values of their new culture

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

When there is an interest in adopting the behaviours and values of the new culture, while still maintaining the original culture

Question 5

Seperation

Answer 5

When an individual maintains their own culture and minimises contact with their new culture

Question 6

Marginalisation

Answer 6

results when an individual is not really able to maintain their original culture, but because of exclusion or discrimination, it is not possible to assimilate into the new culture.

Question 7

Two studies

Answer 7

Leuke & wilson

Shah a

Question 8

Leuke & Wilson aim

Answer 8

to investigate the variables that may predict acculturative stress in a nationally representative sample of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans

Question 9

Participants in leuke & Wilson

Answer 9

2095 asian Americans, 1271 were 1st generation immigrants who were 18yrs old or older when they came to the US, rest of sample was born in the US to 1st generation immigrant parents. Sample consisted of several different asian cultures (Chinese, Filipino & Chinese)

Question 10

L W method

Answer 10

semi-structured interviews** (allows some structural conformity and different

answers but also to go off on tangents and have rich data)

Question 11

L W procedure

Answer 11

• Participants: around 2000 Asian Americans (1200 were 1st-generation immigrants who were 18 or over when came to US, rest born in US to 1st- generation immigrant parents) sample included several Asian cultures: Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese etc.
• Interviewers had cultural & linguistic backgrounds similar to sample population.
• Interviews conducted over Internet or face-to-face.
• A randomly selected sample of participants was contacted to validate the data taken from interviews.
• Interviewsmeasured participants’ level of acculturative stress& impact of language proficiency, language preference, discrimination, social networks, family cohesion, and socioeconomic status on acculturative stress.

Question 12

L W results

Answer 12

• Around 1400 participants (70%) had acculturative stress (according to the found score)

Question 13

L W conclusion

Answer 13

Lower acculturative stress:

• Bilingual language preference (build up networks of support within and outside theircommunity)
• Sharing similar values and beliefs as a family
• Satisfaction with economic opportunities and their immigration decision Higher acculturative stress:
• Can only speak one of the languages: doesn’tknow native language well enough todiscuss sensitive issues with family members and native citizens, or may have limited or no abilities in English
• Negative treatment e.g. prejudice, xenophobia, harassment, and threats

Question 14

criticism of acculturation on health

Answer 14

• most studies of acculturation & health rely on a uni-dimensional understanding of acculturation - acculturated vs non-acculturated to the receiving culture, ignoring the 2nd dimension proposed by berry(1997), the ties w the original culture
  
  • as a result of this, it is not clear whether the observed effects of immigration on health are due to immigrants’ adaption to receiving the culture, loss of connection w the heritage culture, or both
• another criticism is that it is not the process of acculturation that seems to matter, but the culture to which one is acculturating. there were other studies that did not show a significant correlation between the risk of being overweight & the duration of residence

Question 15

The immigration paradox

Answer 15

• Many studies of acculturation have reported that “greater” degrees of acculturation were associated with problematic health outcomes - a phenomenon known as theimmigrant paradox.
• moving to a new culture results in a personal battle betweenenculturation – maintaining one’s cultural identity – andacculturation, changing one’s culture in order to fit in
• leads to acculturative stress

Question 16

acculturative stress

Answer 16

refers to the stressors associated w being an immigrant or ethnic minority & going through the acculturation process

• often result in anxiety, depression, and other forms of mental and physical stress

Question 17

Shah aim

Answer 17

The study aimed to investigate association between acculturation and obesity

Question 18

shah method

Answer 18

comparative study

Question 19

shah procedure

Answer 19

The most common occupations of the participants were drivers, agricultural workers, labourers, construction workers. There was also a comparison group of men of the same age in their culture of origin.

Question 20

shah results

Answer 20

• migrant workers in UAE had significantly higher BMIs than comparison group
• longer they stayed in the UAE, the higher the BMI
• prevalence of obesity was higher in migrants than comparison group, e.g. double among Pakistani participants
• prevalence of obesity was higher in migrants than UAE men

Question 21

shah conclusion

Answer 21

• random sampling from mandatory health visa screening centre in Abu Dhabi, increases representativeness