1
Q
-ide
A
hydro- -ic acid
2
Q
-ite
A
-ous acid
3
Q
-ate
A
-ic acid
4
Q
ClO-
A
hypochlorite
5
Q
ClO2-
A
Chlorite
6
Q
ClO3-
A
Chlorate
7
Q
ClO4-
A
Perchlorate
8
Q
NO2-
A
Nitrite
9
Q
NO3-
A
Nitrate
10
Q
CO3 2-
A
Carbonate
11
Q
SO4 2-
A
Sulfate
12
Q
PO4 3-
A
Phosphate
13
Q
BO3 3-
A
Borate
14
Q
CrO4 2-
A
Chromate
15
Q
CH3COO-
A
Acetate
16
Q
HClO
A
Hypochlorous acid
17
Q
HClO2
A
Chlorous acid
18
Q
HClO3
A
Chloric acid
19
Q
HClO4
A
Perchloric acid
20
Q
HNO2
A
Nitrous acid
21
Q
HNO3
A
Nitric acid
22
Q
H2CO3
A
Carbonic acid
23
Q
H2SO4
A
Sulfuric acid
24
Q
H3PO4
A
Phosphoric acid
25
H3BO3
Boric acid
26
H2CrO4
Chromic acid
27
CH3COOH
Acetic acid
28
Strong acids
```
HCl - hydrochloric acid
HBr - hydrobromic acid
HI - hydroiodic acid
H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid
HNO3 - nitric acid
HClO4 - perchloric acid
```
29
Strong bases
NaOH - sodium hydroxide
KOH - potassium hydroxide
other soluble hydroxides of Group IA metals
30
Strong acid + strong acid =
salt + water (resulting solution = 7), ions formed in reaction will not react with water cuz they are inert conjugates
31
Strong acid + weak base
salt, no water formed cuz weak bases are not hydroxides
32
weak acid + strong base
PH - basic range cuz the salt hydrolyses with formation of hydroxide ions,
33
weak acid + weak base
depends on the strengths of the reactants (Ka and Kb), so if KaKb then solution is acidic and there will be more hydronium ions
34
acid equivalent
equal to 1 mole of H+ ions
35
base equivalent
equal to 1 mole of OH- ions
36
polyvalent
each mole of the acid or base liberates more than 1 acid or base equivalent
37
common polyvalent acids
H2SO4, H3PO4, H2CO3
38
common polyvalent bases
Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2
39
titration
to determine concentration of a known reactant in solution, add small volumes of a solution of known concentration (titrant) to a known volume of a solution of unknown concentration (titrand) until completion of the reaction at the equivalence point
40
equivalence point
when the number of equivalents of acid and base are equal
41
equivalence point for strong acid + strong base
pH = 7
42
equivalence point for strong acid + weak base
pH < 7
43
equivalence point for weak acid + strong base
pH > 7
44
buffer solution
mixture of weak acid and its salt (conjugate base + cation) or mixture of weak base and its salt (conjugate acid + anion), resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added
Peeb MCAT
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