Acids & Bases

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

• A formula that starts with hydrogen (expect for H2O)
• There are two types of acids: oxyacids and binary acids
• They are molecular compounds but act like ionic compounds in water/aqueous solution

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

• A compound that has OH
• They are ionic compounds

Question 3

Arrhenius Theory of Acids & Bases

Answer 3

• An acid is a molecular compound that ionizes in water to produce hydrogen
• A base is a ionic compound that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide

Question 4

Ionization and dissociation

Answer 4

• They both form ions in a solution, but how it happens is different

Question 5

The strength of an acid and base

Answer 5

• According to Autherius, The strength of an acid and base depends on the extent to which it ionizes and dissociates
• Strong is not the same as concentrated. A strong acid or base can be diluted or concentrated
• Weak is not the same as dilute. Weak acids and bases can be dilute or concentrated

Question 6

The pH scale

Answer 6

• Does not measure the strength of a acid or base
• pH= Power of hydrogen
• Gives you an indication of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
• The pH is the negative of concentration exponent if you have 1.0

Question 7

Limitations of Arrhenius Theory of Acids & Bases

Answer 7

Some substances are basic but do not have hydroxide
Ammonia is basic in water but does not have OH
This means the OH is increasing without doing
H + OH –> H2O

Question 8

The pH scale: Tenfold

Answer 8

• 1 pH unit is a tenfold on changes in acidity or basicity of a solution
• When comparing two pH, you can multiple the differences between them by tenfold (3 times greater/tenfold, 10^3= 1000)
• pH 4 is 1000 greater than pH 7, as 1 x 10^-4 is 1000 greater than 1 x 10^-7

Question 9

Strong acids

Answer 9

Strong acids completely ionize in water

Question 10

Strong bases

Answer 10

Strong bases completely dissociate in water

Question 11

Strong bases and acids

Answer 11

Molecules breaks up into ions
Limited or no acid/base particles left over

Question 12

Ionization

Answer 12

• Ionization: The creation of new ions in an uncharged molecule
  No charges as they have covalent bonds, so there is no ions until in water

Question 13

Dissociation

Answer 13

• Dissociation: The separation of ions that already exist in a neutral compound
  Charges are criss crossed, which means they have ions

Question 14

Weak Base

Answer 14

Weak bases partially dissociate

Question 15

Weak Acid

Answer 15

Weak acids partially ionize

Question 16

Weak acid and base

Answer 16

• Acid particles to beginning and left over are similar
• Percent that they ionize into their ions is very small

Question 17

H+ Ions

Answer 17

VERY ACID:
* 1.0x10-1 mol/L
* 0.1 mol/L= many H+ per L
* pH = 1
NEUTRAL:
* 1.0x10-7 mol/L
* 0.0000001 mol/L= H+ concentration in pure water
* pH = 7
VERY BASIC:
* 1.0x10-14 mol/L
* 0.00000000000001 mol/L
* few H+ per L
* pH = 14

Question 18

examples of Strong acids

Answer 18

HCl
HNO3 (aq)
HClO4 (aq)
H2SO4 (aq)

Question 19

examples of weak acids

Answer 19

organic molecules (lots of C, H and O)
HC2H3O2 (aq)
H3PO4 (aq)
H2CO3 (sq)
HCO2H (aq)