Active Transport

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring energy from respiration in the form of ATP

Question 2

which type of proteins accomodate active transport

Answer 2

carrier proteins

Question 3

what is the process of active transport via carrier proteins

Answer 3

1. the molecule or ion binds to the carrier protein
2. ATP then binds to the carrier protein
3. hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi occurs
4. this causes the shape of the carrier protein to change
5. therefore the molecule or ion is released on the opposite side of the membrane
6. the phosphate ion is released from the carrier protein causing the carrier protein to return to its original shape
7. now the carrier protein can be used again

Question 4

what are the 4 factors that affect the rate of active transport

Answer 4

• temperature
• thickness of membrane
• number of carrier proteins
• rate of respiration

Question 5

how does temperature affect the rate of active transport

Answer 5

at higher tempertaures particles have more kinetic energy and travel faster. respiration also increases with temperature meaning more ATP is produced.

however if the temperature is too high carrier proteins will be denatured which will decrease the rate of active transport

Question 6

how does thickness of membrane affect the rate of active transport

Answer 6

partciles travel shorter distances through thin exchange surfaces so therefore travel faster

Question 7

how does the number of carrier proteins affect the rate of active transport

Answer 7

the more carrier proteins the faster rate of active transport

Question 8

how does the rate of respiration affect active transport

Answer 8

the more respiration the more ATP available for active transport

Question 9

what is the first stage of active transport

Answer 9

the molecule or ion binds to the carrier protein

Question 10

in active transport what happens after the molecule/ ion has binded to the carrier protein

Answer 10

the ATP binds to the carrier

Question 11

what happens to the ATP that has binded to the carrier protein

Answer 11

the ATP is hyrdolysed into ADP and Pi

Question 12

what does ATP being hydrolysed into ADP and Pi cause

Answer 12

the carrier protein changes shape

Question 13

what happens as a result of the carrier protein changing shape

Answer 13

it releases the molecule or ion on the opposite side of the membrane

Question 14

what happens after the molecule is released on the other side of the membrane

Answer 14

the phosphate ion (Pi) is released from the carrier protein

Question 15

what does the phosphate ion being released from the carrier portein trigger

Answer 15

the carrier protein returns to its original shape and can be used again